BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//CERN//INDICO//EN BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:A new model for spheroid growth DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T141000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-307@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Monika Szczepanek (Department of Medical Physics\, M . Smoluchowski Institute of Physics\, Faculty of Physics\, Astronomy and A pplied Computer Science\, Jagiellonian University\, Kraków\, Poland\, Tot al-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory\, Jagiellonian University\, Poland)\nS pheroids are a model commonly used in research into new cancer treatments and therapies. They mimic the structure\, microenvironment and cells signa ling present in solid tumors [1]. The following features can be recalled\, that makes spheroids a perfect model for investigations into cancer treat ment\, like their layered composition\, forced by the availability of nutr ients\, the growth kinetics and the expression pattern of some genes simil ar in spheroids and tumors [2\,3]. In particular\, three types of cells in the spheroid\, as well as in tumors\, can be distinguished\, which mainta in their layered architecture: dead cells inside the spheroid (necrotic zo ne)\; living\, non-proliferating cells in the middle (quiescent zone)\; an d living and proliferating cells in the outer layer of the spheroid [4\,5] . We propose a new spheroid growth model which reveals the growth dynamics of three spheroid zones. The model assumes different probabilities of the cell transition from proliferating to non-proliferating cells and from no n-proliferating to necrotic ones. This biological process goes only in one direction. We present a theoretical model based on simulations and experi mental data. By the presented model\, it is possible to assess proliferati ve and non proliferating cells\, which may be helpful in an experiment pla nning\, when particular fraction of proliferating cells are needed. In add ition\, the simulation data allow not only to confirm the prediction from the model used\, but also to check how cells in a given state are distribu ted inside the spheroids. In particular\, the model allows an additional e stimation of the fraction of dead cells indirectly\, only from the growth curve. Therefore\, the presented model can potentially provide more inform ation than the standard approach in such studies of the growth dynamics of tumors – the Gompertz curve.\n**References:**\n[1] A. S. Nunes et al.\, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 116\, (2019).\n[2] E.Ł. Stępień et al.\, Acta Phys . Pol. B 51\, (2020).\n[3] E. Axpe et al.\, PLoS One 9\, (2014).\n[4] M. S zczepanek\, Acta Phys. Pol. B 51\, (2020).\n[5] H. Karimi et al\, Micron 1 37\, (2020).\n**Acknowledgments:**\nThis work was supported by the Foundat ion for Polish Science through the TEAM POIR.04.04.00-00-4204/17 Programme and the SciMat Priority Research Area budget under the Strategic Programm e Excellence Initiative at the Jagiellonian University through grant No. U 1U/P05/NW/03.23.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions /307/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/307/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:β-lactoglobulin as a platform for designing biologically active c arriers – experimental and computational studies DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T134000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T140000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-281@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Paulina Komorek ()\nβ-lactoglobulin (LGB) is known as one of the most interesting transport proteins. In particular\, it can serve as a carrier for hydrophobic molecules\, through the binding of pote ntial ligands at the active site located in the β-barrel [1]. According t o previous studies\, the binding of ligands to LGB is strongly dependent o n the pH of the solution due to the conformational changes of LGB known as the Tanford transition [2]. In the presented study\, the interactions and binding behavior of anesthetic tetracaine (TET) to LGB were investigated under varying environmental conditions (pH\, ionic strength\, concentratio n\, LGB-TET complex molar ratio). The Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV)\, th e UV-Vis spectroscopy\, and the Circular Dichroism (CD) were utilized to d etermine the physicochemical properties of LGB and LGB-TET complex in a so dium chloride solution. Electrophoretic mobility measurements showed that the zeta potential of the LGB became more positive upon interactions with TET due to electrostatic forces of the amino group present in the TET stru cture. The finding suggested the formation of LGB-TET complexes and the bi nding of ligand molecules on the protein surface. Based on UV-vis spectra the binding constant (K-UV) of the LGB-TET complex was calculated\, while CD spectra showed that interactions with the ligand did not change the sec ondary structure of LGB molecules. Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissip ation Monitoring (QCM-D) measurements presented that the molar ratio of LG B to TET is equal to 1:13 confirming the binding of TET not only to β-bar rel but also on the LGB surface. What is more\, QCM-D performed under vary ing environmental conditions allowed determining the optimized conditions for LGB-TET complex formation. Implementation of molecular docking enabled estimation of the binding position of the TET. The method suggested that interactions between the protein and ligand were possible with the most li kely binding site with the hydrophobic cavity located in β-barrel [3].\n* *References:** \n1. G. Kontopidis\, C. Holt\, L. Sawyer. Invited Review: β-Lactoglobulin: Binding Properties\, Structure\, and Function. Journal o f Dairy Science 2004\, 87(4)\, 785-796\n2. B. Y. Qin\, M. C. Bewley\, L. K . Creamer\, H. M. Baker\, E. N. Baker\, G. B. Jameson. Structural basis of the Tanford transition of bovine beta-lactoglobulin. Biochemistry 1998\, 37(40)\, 14014-14023\n3. S. Świątek\, P. Komorek\, G. Turner\, B. Jachim ska. β-Lactoglobulin as a potential carrier for bioactive molecules. Bioe lectrochemistry 2019\, 126\, 137-145\n**Acknowledgments:**\nThis work was partially supported by project NCN OPUS 2016/23/B/ST5/02788 and InterDokMe d POWR.03.02.00-00-I013/16.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/c ontributions/281/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/281/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:PRRT as a tool for treatment of severe hypoglycemia in patients wi th primary inoperable insulinoma DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T091000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T093000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-270@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Marta Opalińska (Nuclear Medicine Unit\, Department of Endocrinology Department of Endocrinology\, Oncological Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine\, University Hospital\, Kraków\, Poland)\nPRRT as a tool for treatment of severe hypoglycemia in patients with primary inopera ble insulinoma\n\nIntroduction\nSevere hypoglycaemia in a course of inoper able insulinoma may be life-threating and it is not always well controlled even by high doses of diazoxide\, which in some cases cause a significant toxicity. Nowadays\, other forms of effective therapy are not available - use of protein kinase inhibitors (everolimus\, sunitynib) sometimes bring satisfactory effect but is often associated with the risk of serious side effects. Use of Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in patients with good expression of somatostatnin receptor\, characterized by relative ly low toxicity\, is potentially valuable treatment option.\n \nAim\nEvalu ation the PRRT effect on insulin levels in patients with primary inoperabl e insulinoma. \n\nMaterials and methods\n3 patients (female with metastati c insulinoma\, male with primary inoperable pancreatic tumor\, female with MEN1 syndrome and hepatic metastases) were treated with PRRT (90Y/177Lu D OTA-TATE or 90YDOTA-TATE in the dose 7.4GBq /m2) due to severe hypoglycemi a poorly controlled by diazoxide in course of primary inoperable insulinom a.\n\nResults\nIn all patients PRRT had no complications. Patient 1 baseli ne fasting glucose concentration increased to 5.9mmol/L from 2.4mmol/L aft er PRRT. In patient 2 fasting glucose level 2.30mmol/L[3.30 - 5.60] increa sed after PRRT to value 7.0mmol/L[3.30 - 5.60] while baseline insulin leve l initially 31.15uU/mL [2.6 - 24.9] dropped to 15.44uU/mL[2.6 - 24.9]. In patients 3\, baseline fasting glucose level 2.5mmol/L[3.30 - 5.60] increas ed after PRRT to value 7.9mmol/l[3.30 - 5.60]\, and insulin dropped from 5 7.96uU/mL[2.6 - 24.9] to 6.32 uU/mL[2.6 - 24.9]. 2 patients after PRRT had their dizaoxide dose reduced and 1 discontinued.\n\nConclusion\nPRTT was effective in reduction of serum insulin levels and diazoxide dose in patie nts with severe hypoglycaemia in the course of primary inoperable insulino ma.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/270/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/270/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:New technologies for Total Body PET imaging DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T070000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T072000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-306@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Stefaan Vandenberghe ()\nThe lecture will concern ne w technologies for Total Body PET imaging.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.ed u.pl/event/4/contributions/306/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/306/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Ps in solutions - could be of help for PET and detection of carcin ogens? DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T095000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T101000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-305@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sergey Stepanov (NRC "Kurchatov Institute" - Institu te for Theoretical and Experimental Physics)\nstepanov@itep.ru \n\nIt is k nown that the concentration of the dissolved oxygen in malignant tumors is much lower than in healthy tissues. Therefore\, cancer cells permanently live in conditions of oxygen starvation. On the other hand\, dissolved oxy gen efficiently shortens the lifetime of the ortho-Ps atom. It takes place because\, firstly\, oxygen may oxidize Ps (taking away an electron from i t and converting Ps into a “free” positron). Secondly\, since the O2 m olecule is paramagnetic\, it is able to induce the process of ortho-to-par a Ps spin conversion. Both of these effects reduce the Ps lifetime in liqu ids. This means that the lifetime of the Ps in healthy tissues will be sho rter than in malignant ones. This relationship between the ortho-Ps lifeti me and the concentration of the dissolved О2 can be used to develop a new \, additional method for detecting tumors using modern positron emission t omographs [1\, 2].\n\nIt is recognized that one of the main causes of canc er is chemical carcinogens. Physicochemical methods for determining the ca rcinogenic activity of substances are based on the fact that most of carci nogens are\, in particular\, effective electron scavengers. However\, it i s known that track electrons\, generated by ionizing slowing down of the f ast positrons when they pass through a medium\, are the main precursors of the positronium atom (Ps). We have shown that the complete inhibition of the Ps formation in a cellular milieu by the test chemical compound can se rve as an indication of its carcinogenic properties.\n\nThis approach is s imilar to what was done by G. Bakale using nanosecond pulsed radiolysis se tup in 80’s. The advantages of the positron approach over the Bakale’s method are reduced to simplicity\, speed and economic benefit.\n\nThe sim plest model is proposed for interpretation of the carried out experiments on Ps inhibition\, oxidation and ortho-para conversion.\n\n\n[1] S.V. Ste panov\, V.M. Byakov\, P.S. Stepanov "Positronium in Biosystems and Medici ne: A New Approach to Tumor Diagnostics Based on Correlation between Oxyge nation of Tissues and Lifetime of the Positronium Atom" Physics of Wave Ph enomena\, V. 29(2)\, 174-179 (2021) DOI: 10.3103/S1541308X21020138\n[2] P.S. Stepanov\, F.A. Selim\, S.V. Stepanov\, A.V. Bokov\, O.V. Ilyukhina\, G. Duplatre\, V.M. Byakov "Interaction of positronium with dissolved oxy gen in liquids"\, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics\, V. 22\, 5123-5131 (2020) doi.org/10.1039/C9CP06105C\n[3] Vsevolod M. Byakov\, Sergey V. Ste panov "Detection of carcinogenic and anticancerogenic properties of chemi cals by means of the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy". RENSIT\ , 12(1):115-128 (2020)\; DOI: 10.17725/rensit.2020.12.115\n\nhttps://indic o.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/305/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/305/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Total-Body PET Kinetic Modeling and Parametric Imaging with EXPLOR ER DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T142000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T144000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-304@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Guobao Wang (University of California Davis)\nDepart ment of Radiology\, University of California Health\, Sacramento CA 95817\ , USA\n\nThe uEXPLORER total-body PET system provides a very high level of detection sensitivity and simultaneous coverage of the entire body for dy namic imaging. This brings several potential benefits for tracer kinetic m odeling and parametric imaging\, including more reliable estimation of tra cer kinetics for clinical use\, noninvasive derivation of blood input func tion\, and total-body parametric imaging of micro kinetic parameters. Alon g with its attractive properties\, total-body kinetic modeling also brings significant challenges\, such as the large scale of total-body dynamic PE T data and the need for organ and tissue appropriate input functions and k inetic models. In this talk\, I will discuss the potential benefits\, tech nical challenges\, and examples of ongoing research applications of total- body kinetic modeling and parametric imaging.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj .edu.pl/event/4/contributions/304/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/304/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:ATR-FTIR spectroscopy of extracellular vesicles derived from endot helial cells cultured in hyperglycemic conditions DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T141000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-303@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Carina Rząca (Jagiellonian University)\ncarina.rzac a@doctoral.uj.edu.pl\n\nNowadays extracellular vesicles (EVs) are being ac tively researched. EVs are involved with several biological processes incl uding cell signalling\, transfer specific cargo (lipids\, proteins\, and n ucleic acids) and biomarkers of disease. EVs can be divided according to t heir size and way of arising into exosomes (diameter from 30 nm to 100 nm) and ectosomes (diameter from 100 nm to 1000 nm) [1\,2\,3].\n\nThe Attenua ted Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) m ethod is based on the characteristic absorption of infrared radiation at s pecific wavelengths by functional groups like N–H\, C=O\, CH2\, CH3\, an d PO2. An IR spectrum carries specific information on the sample’s molec ular composition and structure [6\,7\,8]. The aim of this study is investi gation endothelial EVs cargo modifications in hyperglycemic conditions.\n\ nIn this experiment we used cells\, exosomes and ectosomes derived from te lomerase-immortalized human microvascular endothelium cell line (TIME) cul tured in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions. The parameters were d etermined to characterize the chemical state of the lipids and proteins of the EVs: saturated to unsaturated fat ratio\, acyl chain length\, protein phosphorylation and lipid to protein ratio [2\,6]. In addition\, the perc entage contribution of the following secondary protein structures was calc ulated based on the analysis of the second derivative of the spectra in th e Amide I band range: side chain\, inter β-sheet\, β-sheet\, random coil \, α-helix and β-turn [2].\n\nFTIR results showed that exosomes\, ectoso mes and cells differ in content of protein and lipid components. Moreover\ , obtained results revealed differences in the molecular composition and s econdary structures of proteins from EV subpopulations derived from hyperg lycemic endothelial cells. Statistically significant differences were foun d between ectosomes from normoglycemia and hyperglycemia conditions for th e values of almost all calculated parameters. Summarizing\, ectosomes can be considered as diabetes biomarkers. ATR-FTIR analyses may be useful in i dentifying new biomarkers of diabetes and its complications.\n\nReferences \n1. Stępień EŁ et al. Arch. Med. Res. 2012\;43: 31-35.\n2. Stępień E Ł et al. Biochem Biophys Rep. 2021\;25:100888.\n3. Roman M et al. Nanomed icine. 2019\;17:137-149.\n4. Stępień EŁ et. al. Theranostics. 2018\;8:3 874-3890.\n5. Alexandru N et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016\;472:1-1 0.\n6. Ricciardi V et al. Appl. Sci. 2020\;10:2974.\n7. Dogan A et al. Gen omics 2013\, 14:386\n8. Kumar S et al. Chem. Soc. Rev.\, 2016\, 45\, 1879. \n\nAcknowledgments \nThis study was supported by the Polish NCN grant OPU S 17 to prof. E. Stępień (2019/33/B/NZ3/01004) and the SciMat Priority R esearch Area budget under the Strategic Programme Excellence Initiative at the UJ.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/303/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/303/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Extracellular vesicles – their potential in theranostics DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T080000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T082000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-301@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ewa Stępień (Jagiellonian University)\nThe lecture will concern extracellular vesicles – their potential in theranostics.\ n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/301/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/301/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Perspectives for Total-Body PET in Poland DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T074000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T080000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-300@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Paweł Moskal (Jagiellonian University)\nThe lecture will concern perspectives for Total-Body PET in Poland.\n\nhttps://indico .koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/300/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/300/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Assessment of the influence of the Beta parameter in the reconstru ction of Q.Clear. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T141000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-296@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Konrad Skórkiewicz (Jagiellonian Univeristy)\nMolec ular PET / CT imaging is used for the diagnosis of patients with neuroendo crine tumors with the use of radiolabelled somatostatin analogues. Iterati ve image reconstruction techniques are used to obtain the image.Unfortunat ely\, as a result of the significant impact of the so-called "Partial Volu me Effect" in minor changes in pathological radiopharmaceutical uptake\, t he results of the quantitative assessment are underestimated. In PET image s\, it affects the assessment of the diagnostic test results as a false ne gative result. The selection of appropriate Q.Clear reconstruction paramet ers in the PET / CT MI DR system can reduce the impact of this phenomenon. In order to perform the appropriate analysis\, measurements has been made using the NEMA IEC PET Body Phantom\, in which the hot spheres have been filled concentration 10:1 of 68Ga isotope. The raw data was reconstructed using a Q.Clear reconstruction for a Beta parameter in the range 150-1000\ , in steps of 50. The analysis showed a clear decrease in the maximum valu es and mean SUVs with higher values of the Beta parameter for the smallest spheres.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/296/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/296/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy - criteria of SPECT/CT protocol selection. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T141000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-297@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Adrian Kania-Kuc (Nuclear Medicine Unit\, Department of Endocrinology Department of Endocrinology\, Oncological Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine\, University Hospital\, Kraków\, Poland)\n**Key word s:**\nmyocardial perfusion\, nuclear medicine\, SPECT/CT\, image quality\n \n**Background:**\nMyocardial perfusion imaging with 99mTc-MIBI by SPECT/C T plays a major role in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) as a non-invasive test to assess perfusion in cardiomyocytes. The exam allows to assess the severity of the disease\, the effectiveness of the therapy\ , and has a prognostic value. One disadvantage of this imaging method is t he relatively long SPECT acquisition time. The possible solution to this p roblem is shortening of the examination time by improving the quality of imaging and changing the acquisition parameters. The use of SPECT/CT with cadmium-zinc telluride (CZT) technology may improve scanning parameters in cluding reduction of acquisition time\, however maintenance of high-qualit y imaging is required.\n\n**Aim:**\nThe aim of the study was to check the possibility of implementation of a new myocardial perfusion imaging protoc ol with reduced acquisition time.\n\n**Material and methods:**\nWe compare d two protocols of myocardial perfusion SPECT/CT with 99mTc-sestamibi usin g different acquisition and reconstruction parameters. Two scans for one p atient was done firstly as an 8 minutes protocol\, the second was shortene d to 6 minutes. The acquisition was performed on a CZT camera one after th e other. Then CT scan for attenuation correction was performed according t o the standard SPECT/CT procedure. The analysis was performed on planar pe rfusion reconstruction of the SPECT myocardium. The volume of the greatest distribution of radionuclides in the heart was selected semi-automaticall y on the obtained coronary images. For both protocols\, three measurements were performed at the same locations and similar volumes in each measurem ent\, calculating the number of counts\, mean\, standard deviation (SD) an d volume. The measured volumes gradually increased in the measurements. Th e SD standardized to the volume of 1 ml was considered an important parame ter of the differentiation capacity of regions with a lower uptake of 99mT c-sestamibi in cardiomyocytes. All images were assessed by two nuclear med icine specialists in order to confirm the quality of the imaging.\n\n**Res ults:**\nPerformed examination of one patient with confirmed myocardial is chemia indicated a 10.48% decrease in SD/ml and 23.62% decrease in the num ber of counts of the measured volume. The amount of decrease in SD/ml sign ificantly reduced the possibility of diagnosis of small ischemia regions i n 6 minutes protocol in comparison with 8 minutes protocol.\n\n**Conclusio n:**\nOn the basis of comparative analysis performed by nuclear medicine s pecialists\, the 8-minute protocol was selected as the standard SPECT/CT m yocardial perfusion procedure due to better image quality and greater reso lution for small ischemic area of myocardium.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj .edu.pl/event/4/contributions/297/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/297/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Optimization and enhancement of CNR in MRI using core/shell contra st agent DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T141000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-256@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: David MacDonald ()\nTitle:\nOptimization and enhance ment of CNR in MRI using core/shell contrast agent\n\nD. MacDonald [1]\, B . Blasiak [1] [2]\, B. Tomanek [1] [2] [3]\n\n\nPresenting author:\nDavid MacDonald\ndmlmacdona@gmail.com\n\n\nMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prov ides the best soft contrast tissue among diagnostic imaging modalities suc h as CT\, PET or X-ray. The contrast provided by MRI is based on the proto n density and on interactions of protons with the surrounding molecules of tissues causing so called T_1 and T_2 relaxations. MRI techniques utiliz e these processes for contrast manipulation by producing T_1 or T_2 weig hted MR images. While MRI contrast may be provided solely by tissues thems elves due to differences in their relaxation times\, contrast agents short ening T_1 and T_2 further improve detection of small pathologies such as early stages breast or brain cancers. Recently T_1/T_2 core shell contrast agents have been developed with an expectation that the contrast to noise ratio (CNR) would be greater than when compared to T_2 contrast agent. T o prove this\, firstly we calculated optimal parameters in commonly used S pin Echo and IR TrueFISP pulse sequences that provide the greatest CNR for known T_1 and T_2 relaxation times for an animal model of breast cancer. The results show that the CNR of a tumor for a T_1/T_2 core shell contras t agent is greater than that of just a T_2 contrast agent for both the Sp in Echo and IR TrueFISP pulse sequences. To demonstrate the potential of o ur core/shell contrast agent in vivo MRI we imaged mice with breast tumors after intravenous injection of 0.25 mL of non-targeted core shell contras t agent NaDyF4 (20 nm)/NaGdF4 (~ 0.5 nm). Then to further increase the CNR \, we subtracted a T_1 weighted image with T_2 weighted image. Post-inje ction results show that the best CNR comes from the T_1 weighted image sub tracted by the T_2 weighted image\, and the CNR for the T_1 weighted imag e is greater than the CNR for the T_2 weighted image.\n\n[1] Instytut Fizy ki Jadrowej Polish Academy of Science\, Walerego Eljasza Radzikowskiego 15 2\, 31-342 Kraków\, Poland\n[2] University of Alberta\, 116 St & 85 Ave\, Edmonton\, AB T6G 2R3\, Canada\n[3] University of Calgary\, 2500 Universi ty Dr NW\, Calgary\, AB T2N 1N4\, Canada\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu. pl/event/4/contributions/256/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/256/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:A simulation study to compare performance of analog and digital si licon photomultiplier tube by LTspice package DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T130000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T132000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-231@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Keyvan Tayefi Ardebili ()\nDetectors play a fundamen tal role in understanding physical phenomena and improved our understandin g. The rapid development in this area of science has been increased intere st to enhance the performance of detectors to achieve precise results. Pho tomultiplier tube (PMT) known as one of the main parts of the detectors wh ich are constructed in the shape of a vacuum tube and can detect light pho tons emitted by scintillators and amplify the intensity of light up to 100 times. Alongside the advantages of PMT\, it has weaknesses such as being sensitive to a magnetic field which prevents their use in magnetic resonan ce imaging (MRI)\, low gain\, and less coverage of scintillators. These we aknesses caused to development of an alternative type of element called si licon photomultipliers (SiPM). SiPMs are the latest generation of photomul tipliers\, which due to their low operating voltage\, are currently used b y many groups in a variety of fields\, including high-energy physics calor imetry\, solid-state physics\, and nuclear medicine. SiPMs consist of inde pendent pixels that are connected parallel to each other. It has a rectang ular sensitive cross-section where each pixel consists of a series connect ion of an avalanche photodiode (APD) in Geiger mode and a quenching resist or. Thanks to this geometrical design\, SiPM are able to provide larger se nsitive areas in comparison to PMTs. In this study\, we made a comparison of analog and digital SiPM as the most popular and recent type of photomul tipliers via LTspice simulation package. The obtained results can provide a general perspective for each type for further utilization.\nReferences:\ n[1] S. Yamamoto\, et al.\, Med. Phys.\, vol. 39\, 2012\, pp. 6900-6907.\n [2] B.K. Lubsandorzhiev\, Nucl. Inst. Meth. in Phys. Res. Sec. A\, vol. 5 67\, 2006\, pp. 236-238\n[3] S. Gundacker\, A. Heering\, Phys. Med. Biol. vol. 65\, 2020\, pp. 101-108. \n[4] F. Acerbia\, S. Gundacker\, Nucl. Inst . Meth. in Phys. Res. Sec. A\, vol. 926\, 2006\, pp. 16-35.\n[5] I. Bokat i\, V. Korotaev\, et al.\, Phot. Mat. A\, vol. 11367\, 2020\, pp. 78-83. \ n[6] P. Lecoq\, S. Gundacker\, Eue. Phys\, J\, vol. 136\, 2021\, pp. 213-2 21.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/231/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/231/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The Present and the future of Breast Cancer diagnosis DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T141000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-263@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Shivani . (Jagiellonian University)\nThe purpose of the presented investigation is to compare the sensitivity\, specificity\, PPV\, and NPV for standard mammography\, spectral mammography\, ultrasound \, and magnetic resource imaging (MRI)\, which are the commercially availa ble imaging modalities for breast cancer. The aim of our investigation is to design\, construct and establish the performance characteristics of the Jagiellonian Positron Emission Mammography (J-PEM)\, for the detection an d diagnosis of cancer. Its construction is based on a novel idea of PET to mography based on plastic scintillators [1\,2] and wavelength shifters (WL S) [7\,8] and a new concept of positronium imaging [3\,4\,5]. This study c haracterizes the performance of a newly developed J-PEM scanner prototype. The prototype system consists of a single module of plastic scintillators \, built from two layers of the plastic scintillator (6x24x500 mm) and one layer of the wavelength shifters (3x10x100 mm) [6\,7] placed orthogonally between them. Each scintillator bar is attached at both ends to Silicon P hotomultipliers for the signal readout. This 3D system is based on the nov el idea of applying plastic scintillators to detect annihilation photons a nd improving spatial resolution by utilization of wavelength shifters (WLS ). J-PEM can be an effective system for the detection and diagnosis of bre ast cancer in its early stage by improving sensitivity and specificity and it can be achieved by the combined use of plastic scintillators\, which h ave superior timing properties\, with the WLS. In addition\, this device w ill be developed in view of the classification of malignancy based on the possibility of positronium mean lifetime imaging.\n**References**: \n[1] P . Moskal\, Sz. Niedźwiecki\, et al.\, "Test of a single module of the J-P ET scanner based on plastic scintillators\," Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 764\, 31 7 (2014).\n[2] P. Moskal\, O. Rundel\, et al.\, "Time resolution of the pl astic scintillator strips with matrix photomultiplier readout for J-PET to mograph\," Phys. Med. Biol. 61\, 2025 (2016).\n[3] P. Moskal\, D. Kisielew ska\, et al.\, "Feasibility study of the positronium imaging with the J-PE T tomograph\," Phys. Med. Biol. 64\, 055017 (2019).\n[4] P. Moskal\, B. Ja sińska\, et al.\, "Positronium in medicine and biology\," Nature Reviews Physics 1\, 527-529 (2019).\n[5] P. Moskal\, D. Kisielewska\, et al.\, "Pe rformance assessment of the 2gamma positronium imaging with the total-body PET scanners\, "EJNMMI Physics. 7:44 (2020).\n[6] J. Smyrski\, P. Moskal\ , et al.\, "Application of WLS strips for position determination in Strip PET tomograph based on plastic scintillator\, "BioAlgorithms and Med-Syste ms 10\, 59 (2014).\n[7] J. Smyrski\, et al.\, "Measurement of gamma quantu m interaction point in plastic scintillator with WLS strips\," Nuclear Ins t. and Methods in Physics Research A 851\, 39-42\, (2017).\n\nhttps://indi co.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/263/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/263/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Classification of heavy metal contaminated samples based on micro- CT images using machine learning algorithms DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T141000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-258@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Dominik Panek (M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics\ , Jagiellonian University)\nBeing able to predict whether a sample is cont aminated with any toxic substances or not is crucial\, especially when it comes to health\, and this is where machine learning algorithms are essent ial [1-2]. In our research the emphasis was put on the ability to classify samples contaminated with two types of heavy metals: zinc (Zn)\, cadmium (Cd)\, and the mixture of these two elements (Zn+Cd)\, based on the micro- computed tomography (micro-CT) images. Contaminated samples\, which were o perculum\, were coming from the Carassius Gibelio fish. Prior to the micro -CT scan fish were bred in the environment containing a concentration of 4 mg/ml of water of each element. Additionally\, a control group\, with no exposure to any heavy metal was cultured.\nAfter micro-CT scans\, images w ere reconstructed in order to get information\, which would help algorithm s learn about the dataset\, and finally\, which would be able to classify samples into proper groups. The key features of the reconstructed images w ere: grayscale maximum value in a given group\, masses of the samples\, me an grayscale values\, and area under the grayscale histograms. \nApplied m achine learning models included: logistic regression\, SVM (Supporting Vec tor Machine)\, decision trees\, and KNN (K-nearest neighbors\, with differ ent numbers of neighbors k = 1\, 2\, 3\, …\, 10). Results left us no dou bt that most of the applied machine learning models are very good when it comes to classification. The best results were achieved for the simplest l ogistic regression\, where the overall accuracy was 90%\, a second-best al gorithm was KNN with an accuracy of 71% for k = 1 and 86% for k = 4\, next were decision trees with an accuracy of 70% and SVM with an overall accur acy of 50%.\n\nReferences\n[1] Heavy metals in suspended matters during a tidal cycle in the turbidity maximum around the Yangtze Estuary\, Huaijing Zhang et al.\, Acta Oceanologica Sinica 34\, 36–45(2015).\n[2] Toxicity \, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals\, Monisha Jaishankar\ , Interdiscip Toxicol. 2014 Jun\; 7(2): 60–72.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if .uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/258/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/258/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:BSA as a biologically active nanocarriers – computational studie s DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T141000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-289@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kamil Rakowski (Jerzy Haber Instiute of Catalysis a nd Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences )\nHuman albumin (HSA) is the main plasma protein that ensures the maintenance of proper osmotic blo od pressure and is also involved in the transport of metabolites to cells. It exhibits high solubility at pH = 7.4 and the ability to bind molecules \, making it possible to use it as a transporter of drugs such as 5-fluoro uracil (5-FU). 5-FU is a drug that causes the incorporation of fluoronucle otides in place of nucleotides that inhibit the thymidylate synthesis of t he nucleic acid enzyme. 5-Fluorouracil is used to treat a number of cancer s. The biggest problem is its susceptibility to dihydropyrimidine dehydrog enase (DPD)\, which metabolizes 5FU to the form of dihydrofluorouracil (DH FU) and destroys its therapeutic activity. The crystallographic model of b ovine albumin (BSA)\, which is an equivalent of human albumin (HSA)\, was selected for the research. Before the docking process\, the model was prep ared in the Gromacs program. The object was simulated until the conformati onal changes stabilized\, which was monitored via the RMSD function. Final ly\, the thus obtained BSA model was used for interaction with 5-FU. Befor e the docking process\, the drug was prepared in the Avogadro program. Hyd rogens corresponding to a protonation state of pH = 7.4 were added to the drug molecule and minimized in the MMFF94 field using a Conjugate Gradient . The standard protocol of random docking on the whole protein volume was used\, the MGLTools tool was used\, docked using the rigid Autodock Vin me thods. The lowest energy complex was simulated with MD\, the drug-free con trol and the protein/ligand complex were simulated for another 100ns under the same conditions. In the conducted research\, the ligand was randomly docked in the entire BSA volume. The results unique for the protein were v isualized\, and the complex with the most favorable energy was simulated u sing molecular dynamics methods. BSA has been shown to bind 5-FU at a simi lar position as HSA in the IB domain. Moreover\, it has been established b y computational methods that the binding of 5-FU at the center of the prot ein (IIIA and IIA domains) may be the most common and energetically most b eneficial for BSA. Docking at the center with the lowest Gibbs free energy was investigated in detail. Hydrophobic domains inside the ligand-binding pocket have been shown to influence the organization of solvent molecules and the formation of water clusters. The formed clusters constitute the m ain mechanism that stabilizes the drug inside the canal\, which may show p romise for its controlled release at elevated temperatures. During the sim ulation\, 5-FU moves into the cavity between domains IIIA and IIA. The bin ding of 5-FU may affect the mobility of adjacent BSA domains\, in particul ar the IB domain\, which is one of the most important pockets for binding substances with therapeutic potential. The presence of the ligand between domains IIIA and IIA resulting in the appearance of strong local chain flu ctuations (110-118AA\, IB domain).\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/eve nt/4/contributions/289/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/289/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The development of a method for determining ortho-Positronium mean lifetime in extracellular vesicles using Positron Annihilation Lifetime S pectroscopy DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T141000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-285@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Julia Nizioł (Faculty of Physics\, Astronomy and Ap plied Computer Science\, Jagiellonian University\, Kraków\, Poland)\nPosi tron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) has been used less extensiv ely in studies with biological material\, although its use in interrogatin g free volume\, voids and defects in polymers is well established. There e xist a number of results\, e. g. by E. Kubicz and the J-PET group [1]\, s howing the correlation between cell structure and the PALS parameters\, su ch as mean ortho-Positronium (o-Ps) lifetime and intensity. This technique has also been demonstrated to have utility as an in situ molecular probe in self-assembled biomimetic systems for which it is highly sensitive to c onformational\, structural and microenvironmental transformations [2]. \n\ nExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are defined as bilayer cell membrane fragmen ts released into the extracellular space by various types of cells. EVs pl ay dual role throughout the body\, due to their involvement in both physio logical and pathological conditions [3]. Growing interest in these spheric al structures emerges from their involvement in cell-to-cell communication \, tumour progression and their possible application as biomarkers or drug delivery systems [4]. \n\nApplying PALS to study EVs required set-up mo difications (chamber design) and calibrations\, in order to adjust the sys tem for studies of liquid samples in temperature controlled conditions. Fo r that purpose\, the system was equipped with the Lauda LOOP L100 thermost at. Temperature of investigated samples was estimated from calibration dat a obtained through extensive thermal testing.\n Two EV samples derived fro m normal pancreatic beta-cell cultures suspended in PBS solution were exam ined: (1) from culture under normoglycemic and (2) hyperglycemic condition s. EV concentrations in the samples were determined using qNano technique and its values were respectively: (1) $9\\times10^{10}$ and (2) $6\,9\\tim es10^{10}$ particles/mL. \n\n Preliminary results demonstrate strong corre lation between mean o-Ps lifetime and EV concentration in the sample. Stud ied concentrations of EVs were too low\, therefore it was mainly the PBS s olution that was contributing to the resulting o-Ps lifetime value\, and n ot the EVs itself. \n Obtained result opens perspective for further resear ch\, when applying higher EVs to PBS ratio. Such experiments were performe d e. g. by P. Sane et al. [5] and demonstrated that observing changes in o -Ps lifetime\, corresponding to phase transitions of membrane lipids in ve sicles (multilamellar DPPC)\, is feasible with PALS technique.\n\nReferenc es:\n[1] Kubicz\, E.\, Doctoral Thesis\, Jagiellonian University (2020).\n [2] Fong\, C. et al.\, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP vol. 17\ ,27: 17527-40 (2015).\n[3] Stępień\, E. et al.\, Expert opinion on thera peutic targets vol. 16\,7: 677-88 (2012).\n[4] Surman\, M. et al.\, Curren t pharmaceutical design vol. 25\,2: 132-154 (2019).\n[5] Sane\, P. et al.\ , The journal of physical chemistry. B vol. 113\,7: 1810-2 (2009).\n\nhttp s://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/285/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/285/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Simulations of absorption in the brain of gamma quanta from posit ronium atoms DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T141000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-284@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Agata Jędruszczak ()\nAgata Jędruszczak for the J- PET collaboration\nagatajedruszczak1999@gmail.com\nJagiellonian University in Kraków\; Faculty of Physics\, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science\ , Profesora Stanisława Łojasiewicza 11\, 30-348 Kraków \n\nThe poster s hows the results of the research on the absorption in the brain of gamma q uanta from positronium atoms created during the PET imaging. \nPositronium imaging [1] is a new imaging method that allows to determine not only the location of the tumor\, but also the degree of its malignancy [2]. It is the multi-photon imaging\, which uses not only 2𝜸\, but also 3𝜸 anni hilations. Amount of detected photons from decay into 2𝜸 or 3𝜸 give information about tissue structure. Moreover\, the 3𝜸/2𝜸 ratio allow s the description of neoplastic changes [3]. The brain in these studies is approximated by a sphere with water. Monte Carlo simulations of positron decays and photon absorption in the brain and skull were performed. The si mulation results were compared with theoretical calculations. The results of the percent events for which none of photons scattered in the head are as follows: 26.10 ± 0.05 % for para-positronium and 8.40 ± 0.03 % for or tho-positronium (absorption in the brain)\, 20.84 ± 0.05 % for para-posit ronium\, 5.46 ± 0.02 % for ortho-positronium (absorption in the brain and in skull). The values of the ratio from the simulation are: 0.322 ± 0.00 2 for absorption in the brain and 0.262 ± 0.002 for absorption in the bra in and skull. The dependence of absorption probability of photons in the h ead on the location of positronium atom decay in the brain is determined. \nThe poster will present the above-mentioned results and plots obtained i n the simulations. The methods by which the simulation results were obtain ed will also be presented.\nReferences\n[1] P. Moskal et al.\, "Positroniu m imaging with the novel multi-photon PET scanner"\, Science Advances (in press) \n[2] P. Moskal\, D. Kisielewska\, C. Curceanu et al.\, "Feasibil ity study of the positronium imaging with the J-PET tomograph"\,Phys. Med. Biol. 64:055017 (2019)\n[3] B. Jasińska\, P. Moskal\, "A New PET Diagnos tic Indicator Based on the Ratio of 3𝜸/2𝜸 Positron Annihilation"\,Ac ta Phys. Pol. B\,48:1577-1582 (2017).\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/ event/4/contributions/284/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/284/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Fast scanning of spent nuclear fuel dry storage casks using cosmic ray muons: Monte Carlo simulation study. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T141000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-282@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Anzori Georgadze (Kiev Institute for Nuclear Researc h)\nStable development of fission-based nuclear energy facilities requires the safe management of spent nuclear fuel. The growing number spent nucle ar fuel in dry storage casks in intermediate storage sites around the worl d require efficient tools for non-destructive routine verifications of saf e storage of spent fuel assemblies. Using a cosmic ray muon for screening of spent nuclear fuel in dry storage casks appears to be the most suitable solution for non-destructive verifications of fuel casks for safeguard pu rposes. Fast scanning of a fully or partially loaded dry storage casks is evaluated using Monte - Carlo simulation with Geant4 package and muons pro duced using CRY event generator. The point of closest approach (POCA) algo rithms is used for reconstruction of muon interactions with dry storage ca sks. A Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to classify generated data sampl es for fully loaded casks and samples with one fuel assemble missing in dr y storage casks. We use the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) techni que to characterize tradeoff between detection and false alarm rates. For one-hour measurement time detection rate can be achieved ~96%. The develop ed method of statistical analysis of reconstructed POCA points allows dete cting dry storage casks with one fuel assemblies missing in a relatively s hort time of ~1 hour without full image reconstruction. The results of mod elling demonstrate that the scattered muon tomography allows to perform ef ficient non-destructive scanning of dry storage casks for nuclear nonproli feration purposes.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributio ns/282/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/282/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Physicochemical characteristic of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers are their application in controlled drug delivery systems DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T141000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-280@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Magdalena Szota (Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences)\nPoly(amidoamine) (PAMAM ) dendrimers are monodisperse synthetic polymers with nanosize ranging fro m 1-14nm. Dendrimer synthesis can be precisely controlled in size\, shape\ , molecular mass\, composition\, and reactivity [1\,2]. The study's main a im was to investigate the correlation between the physicochemical properti es of the carrier and the active substance and the efficiency of the PAMAM -5FU complex formation. Experimental studies show that analysis of physico chemical properties of both PAMAM dendrimers and 5-fluorouracil play a sig nificant role in the formation of high-efficiency PAMAM-5FU complex. The l igand binding's effectiveness to the dendrimers’ structure is strictly d ependent on the complex formation conditions: molar ratio\, ionic strength \, pH\, and dendrimer generation. The fact that drug molecules bind most e ffectively under alkaline conditions when the dendrimer is close to the is oelectric point indicates the significant influence of the ligand charge\, which occurs in a deprotonated form. Studies have confirmed the system's ability to attach approximately 20 5FU molecules per dendrimer molecule fo r the fourth generation dendrimer and about 25 molecules for the sixth gen eration dendrimer. Comparing these values with the nominal number of amine groups present in the dendrimer structure\, a system efficiency of 16% fo r G4PAMAM and 5% for G6PAMAM dendrimers was obtained.\nThe decrease in the zeta potential of the PAMAM-5FU systems compared to the dendrimer itself indicates a change in the carrier's surface charge by drug immobilization. In addition\, it may reveal the presence of ligand molecules on the PAMAM surface. H1 NMR spectra indicate the presence of drug molecules both insi de the structure and on its surface. The research confirms the possibility of immobilizing the active agent in two ways and thus indicates the uniqu e properties of the structure of dendrimers.\nWe demonstrated that both G4 PAMAM and G6PAMAM present no toxicity towards normal cells. Furthermore\, the observed activity of 5-FU/PAMAM complexes in four cancer cell lines\, resulting in decreasing of a fluorouracil IC50 dose by up to 30%. Consider ing that most of the traditionally administered 5-FU is decomposed to inac tive metabolites before reaching its target\, drug conjugation with dendri mers seems to be a promising approach that increases drug toxicity and sta bility\, ultimately leading to overcoming of transportation-related drug r esistance.\n\nAcknowledgments: This work was partially supported by projec t NCN OPUS 2016/23/B/02788\,\nReferences\n1. Jachimska B. Physicochemical characterization of PAMAM dendrimer as a multifunctional nanocarriers\, Na noparticles in Pharmacotherapy. \; 2019. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816504-1.00 003-\n2. Rae JM\, Jachimska B. Analysis of dendrimer-protein interactions and their implications on potential applications of dendrimers in nanomedi cine. Nanoscale. 2021\;13(4):2703-2713. doi:10.1039/d0nr07607d\n\nhttps:// indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/280/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/280/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The use of x-ray volume imaging system for verification of the pos itioning accuracy during stereotactic radiotherapy of the head and lungs DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T141000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-277@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Katarzyna Matusiak (AGH University of Science and Te chnology\, Al. Mickiewicza 30\, 30-059 Krakow)\nThe aim of this study was to analyzed the differences between the reconstruction of the patient's an atomy in the therapeutic area\, performed with the use of the X-ray Volume Imaging system (XVI) of the Elekta system\, and the actual patient positi oning. The results obtained from the cone beam tomography (CBCT) performed twice (before and after irradiation) were compared with the reference ima ges from computed tomography (CT) obtained during the treatment planning. \n\nThe comparison was made for two groups: 20 patients irradiated in the head area and 45 patients irradiated in the lung area. The results were an alyzed in three steps. The first was the analysis of data using the Studen t's t-test for one sample. It consisted in assessing whether the mean valu es of the isocenter shift implemented in relation to the isocentre planned in the direction of X\, Y\, Z for the studied patients are statistically significantly different from 0. Then the data were analyzed using the Stud ent's t-test for paired samples. It was done to check whether the mean val ues of the isocenter shift realized in relation to the isocentre planned i n the X\, Y\, Z directions for the studied patients before irradiation are statistically significantly different from the mean values of the shift f or the studied patients after irradiation. The third stage of the analysis of the results originating from the XVI system was the calculation of pop ulation systematic and random errors in order to calculate the CTV-PTV mar gins according to the van Herk method. The practical part of this work was carried out in cooperation with the Department of Radiotherapy for Childr en and Adults of the University Children's Hospital in Krakow.\n\nAnalysis of obtained data confirmed the high precision of radiotherapeutics proced ures performed at the Department of Radiotherapy for Children and Adults\, University Children's Hospital in Krakow. Moreover\, the effectiveness of XVI system in set-up margins reduction was confirmed.\n\nhttps://indico.k oza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/277/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/277/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Free radicals influence on the positronium lifetime in melanocytes and melanomas cell cultures DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T141000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-269@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ewelina Kubicz (Jagiellonian University)\nPositroniu m\, a bound state of positron and electron has been proposed as a novel bi omarker for examining cancer cells [1]. This atom is copiously created in cells during Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging [2-3].Our pre-clin ical studies have shown significant differences in the lifetime of positro nium between normal and neoplastic cells and tissues [4-5]. Due to the con version process concentrations of free radicals\, especially reactive oxyg en species (ROS) have a significant influence on the properties of positro nium\, such as its lifetime and production intensity in the tissue [6-7]. We investigated the role of antioxidants\, such as vitamin C and epigalloc atechin gallate (EGCG)\, on the values of the newly proposed biomarker. \n Studies were conducted on in vitro cell culture of normal human cell: mel anocyte HEMa-LP cell line and two cell lines of melanoma: WM115 (primary m elanoma) and WM266-4 (metastatic melanoma) as an example of cancer cells w ith different degree of malignancy. Cells were exposed to vitamin C in var ious concentrations (100\, 1000 µM) and EGCG (10\, 100 µM). Positronium lifetime was determined by means of Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectro scopy and Na-22 isotope was used as a source of positrons. \n Obtained res ults showed differences in positronium lifetime\, between normal and cance r cell in relation to their malignancy. Resulting o-Ps lifetime in HEMa-LP \, WM115\, and WM266-4 cells was equal to 1.91(02)ns\, 1.95(03)ns\, 1.99(0 1)ns\, respectively in control\; 1.93(02)ns\, 1.96(01)ns\, 1.98(01)ns in 1 000 µM concentration of vitamin C and 1.91(02)ns\, 1.93(01)ns\, 1.89(02)n s in 100µM concentration of EGCG. No significant differences were observe d in measured solutions without the cells\, resulting in o-Ps lifetime of 1.91(02)ns\, 1.88(01)ns in vit. C and EGCG solution\, respectively.\n Outc ome of our experiment confirmed the validity of employing positronium as a n indicator\, which may have a direct impact on better and more accurate d iagnostics. The Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomography scanner can be a pplied for simultaneous PET and positronium imaging [8-12].\n\nReferences: \n[1] Moskal\, P. et al.\, Patent No: US 9851456\; PL 227658\; PCT/EP2014 /068374.\n[2] Moskal\, P.et al.\, Nat. Rev. Phys. 1\, 527–529 (2019).\n [3] Moskal\, P. 2019 IEEE Nucl. Scien. Sympo. and Medical Imaging Conferen ce Proceedings\, NSS/MIC 2019\, doi:10.1109/NSS/MIC42101.2019.9059856 (20 20).\n[4] Moskal\, P. et al.\, Developing a Novel Positronium Biomarker fo r Cardiac Myxoma Imaging\, bioRxiv\n[5] Kubicz\, E. AIP Conf. Proc. 2182\, 050004 (2019).\n[6] Stepanov\, P. S. et al.\, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 22 \, 5123–5131 (2020).\n[7] Shibuya\, K. et al. Commun. Phys. 3\, 173 (20 20).\n[8] Moskal\, P. et al. Phys. Med. Biol. 61\, 2025–2047 (2016).\n[9 ] Gajos\, A. et al. Adv. High Energy Phys. ID 8271280 (2018).\n[10] Moskal \, P. et al. Phys. Med. Biol. 64\, 055017 (2019).\n[11] Moskal\, P. et al. EJNMMI Phys. 7\, 44 (2020).\n[12] Moskal\, P. & Stępień\, E. PET Clin. 15\, 439–452 (2020).\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contrib utions/269/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/269/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Impact of PRRT with the use of 90Y/177LuDOTA-TATE to change of SUV s obtained in 68Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT in patients with neuroendocrine tumors – does the use of a theroanostic pair of radiopharmaceuticals may affec t the estimation of survival after PRRT? DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T141000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-271@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Marta Opalińska (University Hospital in Krakow)\nIm pact of PRRT with the use of 90Y/177LuDOTA-TATE to change of SUVs obtained in 68Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT in patients with neuroendocrine tumors – does the use of a theroanostic pair of radiopharmaceuticals may affect the esti mation of survival after PRRT? \n\nIntroduction\nPeptide receptor radionuc lide therapy (PRRT) is an effective therapeutic option for metastatic neur oendocrine tumor (NET) therapy in case of good somatostatin receptor expre ssion in tumors tissue. Despite significant progress in management of NETs \, searching for novel predictive and prognostic factors is crucial. The h igh heterogeneity of the somatostatin receptors density in different NET m etastatic lesions and inside single tumours probably influence an clinical outcome. Some up-to-date studies indicate that the response to PRRT asses sed on the basis of imaging of somatostatin receptors may be a potentially useful tool for prediction of overall PRRT effect. \n\nAim\nAssessment of corrected SUV max change in metastatic NET lesions associated with PRRT c ounted in [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT and its potential impact on long-term treatment outcomes. \n\nMaterials and Methods\nAmong all patients treated with PRRT using 177Lu or 177Lu/90YDOTA-TATE in 2017-2019 due to disseminat ion of G1 and G2 classifications neuroendocrine neoplasm\, 13 patients who had 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT performed no longer than 6 months before and 6 m onths after PRRT. For all measurable metastatic lesions corrected SUVmax ( taking into account individual for each patients SUV max of reference orga ns normal liver or spleen)\, mean value of SUV max in both PET/CTs (before and after PRRT) was calculated. Those results were correlated with clinic al outcome of the disease assessed during follow-up one on the basis of ot her imaging studies as positive (stabilization (SD) or regression (PR)) or negative (progression (PD).\n \nResults\nThe mean follow-up was 8.9months . PD was found in patients\, PR or SD in 10 patients. Among patients with regression\, a decrease in the mean value of corrected SUVmax in comparis on to the baseline study of 277.12% was observed. Among patients with SD\, a mean of corrected SUVmax in comparison to the baseline study decreased by 180.80%. Decrease in the mean value of corrected SUVmax in comparison t o the baseline study in patients with regression and stabilization taken t ogether was in average 209.85% Increased values were observed among progre ssive patients\, where change of corrected SUVmax was in average 6.11%. \n \nConclusion\nA decrease in the value of corrected SUVmax in metastatic le sions obtained from routine PET/CT tests with 68Ga-DOTA-TATE may indicate a lower risk of neuroendocrine tumor progression within a 9 months from th e end of PRRT and may constitute an additional independent parameter helpi ng to estimate the risk of progression in this group of patients.\n\nhttps ://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/271/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/271/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Cyclotron produced gallium-68 chloride [68Ga]GaCl3 as an alternati ve to 68Ge/68Ga generators DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T141000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-265@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jakub Boratyński (Univeristy of Warsaw)\, Michał J agodziński (University of Warsaw)\n**Jakub Boratyński 1\,2\, Michał Jag odziński 1\,2 and Zbigniew Rogulski 2**\n\n*1 Centrum Produkcji Radiofarm aceutyków VOXEL S.A\, ul. Wrocławska 1-3\, 30-006 Kraków\,\n2 Wydział Chemii\, Centrum Nauk Biologiczno-Chemicznych\, Uniwersytet Warszawski\, u l. Żwirki i Wigury 101\, 02-089 Warszawa*\n\n**E-mail: j.boratynski@voxel .pl**\n \nThe 68Ga isotope is usually eluted from the 68Ge/68Ga generator and is therefore readily available in PET (Nuclear Medicine) laboratories which do not have a cyclotron in place. The characteristics of the 68Ga is otope that this possesses make it a desirable radionuclide for PET diagnos tics and the first widely available PET radioactive metal ion for routine use worldwide. With the help of a chelator\, it can be easily attached to a biologically active molecules\, which makes it suitable for conjugation with various biomolecules using bifunctional chelators and various macromo lecules. Additionally\, the selection of the chelator enables one compound to be radiolabelled with different radiometals. Thanks to this\, it is po ssible to widely use (PET\, SPECT\, MRI\, multimodal PET/SPECT/CT and ther apy) of the compound only through the exchange of the radiometal with mini mal changes in biological behavior. This facilitates patient-centered care \, from diagnosis to molecular imaging to treatment\, e.g. possible combin ation with 177Lu or 90Y isotopes as a theranostic pair.\nDue to serious di sadvantages of 68Ge/68Ga generators\, such as a very high purchase cost\, short expiry date of the generator\, low activity of the obtained isotope\ , low availability on the market and the need to keep a break between succ essive elutions\, the number of PET studies with the use of 68Ga based rad iopharmaceuticals do not meet the market demand [1]\, hence recently attem pts have been made to obtain this valuable isotope using medical cyclotron s by irradiating of liquid (solution of 68Zn salts) [2] or solid target ma de of metallic 68Zn [3][4].\nThe paper presents the method of obtaining [6 8Ga]GaCl3 via a solid target technology in a medical cyclotron at the VOXE L Radiopharmaceuticals Production Center in Kraków\, in quality compliant with the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia and Good Manufacturin g Practice (GMP). This method leads to obtain much greater activities\, al lowing for the subsequent distribution of the 68Ga isotope. The above meth od may be an attractive alternative to 68Ge/68Ga generators and in the fut ure\, by increasing the availability of the 68Ga isotope\, may contribute to changing the cancer diagnosis strategy.\n\n\n[1] K. Kumar\, Cancer Biot herapy And Radiopharmaceuticals\, 35\, 3 (2020).\n[2] F. Alves\, V.H.P. Al ves\, S.J. Do Carmo\, A.C. Neves\,M. Silva\, A.J. Abrunhosa\, Modern Physi cs Letters A\, 32\, 17\, (2017).\n[3] M. Lin\, G.J. Waligorski and C.G. Le pera\, Applied Radiation and Isotopes\, 133\, 1–3 (2018).\n[4] A.H. Alna hwi\, S. Tremblay\, S. Ait-Mohand\, J.F. Beaudoin\, B. Guéri\, Applied Ra diation and Isotopes\, 156\, 109014\, (2020).\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj .edu.pl/event/4/contributions/265/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/265/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Spectrometric study of biomolecular differences of β-cell EVs sub populations from hyperglycemic conditions DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T141000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-261@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Magdalena Marzec (Jagiellonian University)\nExtracel lular vesicles (EVs) are a spherical shape structures surrounded by a prot ein-lipid membrane. EVs are important in the detection of various diseases \, such as cardiovascular disease or cancer\, and may have a high therapeu tic potential [1]. The molecular composition and size of EVs membranes var y depending on the source cells\, the current stage of development and env ironmental conditions. Their basic classification distinguishes three subp opulations: exosomes derived from endosomes (50–150 nm)\, microbubbles b udding in the cell membrane (100–1000 nm) and apoptotic bodies (100–50 00 nm). Specific features of these EVs subgroups have been proposed\, but there are still no standardized markers to distinguish these populations [ 2]. \nIn the work\, we propose the use of secondary ion mass spectrometry with a time-of-flight analyzer (ToF-SIMS) to assess the differences in the molecular composition of EV subpopulations: exosomes\, ectosomes and a mi xture of both populations. EVs\, derived from pancreatic β-cells grown un der hyperglycemia conditions (HC)\, were purified by Low-Vacuum Filtration and concentrated by ultracentrifugation. ToF-SIMS\, as a highly sensitive qualitative technique\, made it possible to perform a comparative analysi s of the tested samples. During the analysis\, significant differences in the intensities of the characteristic peaks of amino acids and individual lipid groups were revealed. The demonstrated changes concern EV subpopulat ions and their mixture obtained from glycerin conditions. It can be assume d that various EV subpopulations derived from pancreatic β-cell cultures are characterized by a changed molecular composition related to biogenesis of the discussed structures. The external environment has a significant i mpact on the protein-lipid EV membrane composition.\nKeywords: extracellul ar vesicles\; β-cell\; ToF-SIMS\; hyperglycemia\; lipidomic\;\n[1] E. St ępień\, E. Stankiewicz\, J. Zalewski\, J. Godlewski\, K. Zmudka\, and I. Wybrańska\, “Number of microparticles generated during acute myocardia l infarction and stable angina correlates with platelet activation.\,” Arch. Med. Res.\, vol. 43\, no. 1\, pp. 31–35\, Jan. 2012\, doi: 10.1016 /j.arcmed.2012.01.006.\n[2] E. Ł. Stępień\, A. Kamińska\, M. Surman\, D. Karbowska\, A. Wróbel\, and M. Przybyło\, “Fourier-Transform InfraR ed (FT-IR) spectroscopy to show alterations in molecular composition of EV subpopulations from melanoma cell lines in different malignancy\,” Bioc hemistry and biophysics reports\, vol. 25. Department of Medical Physics\, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics\, Faculty of Physics\, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science\, Jagiellonian University\, 30-348\, Kraków \, Poland.\, p. 100888\, 2021\, doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100888.\nThis wo rk was supported by the National Science Center (NCN)\, grant OPUS 17 to p rof. E. Stępień (No. 2019/33/B/NZ3/01004) and the SciMat Priority Resear ch Area budget under the Strategic Program Excellence Initiative at the Ja giellonian University.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contrib utions/261/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/261/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Comparison of SP3 and S-Trap LC-MS/MS approaches in proteomic anal ysis of ectosomes derived from thyroid cancer and normal thyroid follicula r cells DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T141000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-257@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Magdalena Surman (Jagiellonian University in Krakow\ , Faculty of Biology\, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research)\nThe small size of ectosomes makes their isolation and obtaining the appropriat e protein yield for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) proteomic analyzes a considerable methodological challenge. Especially isolation of ectosomes from limited amount of body fluids of cancer patie nts means that a much smaller amount of protein is available for LC-MS/MS. The SP3 (solid-phase-enhanced sample preparation) method used by us so fa r [1] works when it is possible to obtain the appropriate amount of ectoso mal protein as a result of scaling cell cultures. The aim of this research was to develop a method of sample preparation for LC-MS/MS based of S-Tra p microcolumn technique that would give the same quality results despite u sing less protein.\n\nTwo cell lines were used in these research: anaplast ic thyroid carcinoma (8305C) and normal thyroid follicular (Nthy-ori 3-1) cells. Ectosomes were isolated from conditioned media concentrated by low- vacuum filtration by differential centrifugation\, and prepared for LC-MS/ MS using SP3 or S-Trap techniques. Then LC-MS/MS was used to analyze the p rotein content of the ectosome proteome. Next\, Gene Ontology (GO) analysi s was performed using UniProt Database to classify identified proteins acc ording to the biological processes\, molecular functions and their cellula r origin.\n\nUsing the SP3 method we identified 410 proteins in 8305C ecto somes and 558 proteins in Nthy-ori 3-1 ectosomes. S-Trap technique increas ed the numbers of identified proteins to 915 in 8305C ectosomes and to 804 proteins in Nthy-ori 3-1 ectosomes. For 8305C and Nthy-ori 3-1 ectosomes \, 304 and 357 proteins were identified by both protocols \, respectively. Alongside the proteins identified regardless of chosen sample preparation method (SP3 or S-Trap) provided significant number of protein that were n ot identified by the other one. According to GO the most abundant groups o f proteins for both types of ectosomes were those connected with cytosolic or membrane origin. In 8305C ectosomes\, several cancer-associated protei ns were found\, which suggests their possible role in cancer promotion.\n\ nAcknowledgements: The research was funded by the BioS Priority Research A rea under the program “Excellence Initiative –Research University” a t the Jagiellonian University in Krakow (U1U/P03/DO/13.17).\n\n[1] Surman et al.\, \, Int J Mol Sci. 2020\, 21(8): 2934.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.u j.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/257/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/257/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Positronium biomarker in 3D melanoma spheroid model\, a novel prob e for cancer diagnosis DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T141000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-254@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Hanieh Karimi (Department of Medical Physics\, M. Sm oluchowski Institute of Physics\, Faculty of Physics\, Astronomy and Appli ed Computer Science\, Jagiellonian University\, Kraków\, Poland\, Total-B ody Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory\, Jagiellonian University\, Poland)\nSpher oids are three-dimensional cancer cell models able to mimic important prop erties of real tumors such as physical structure\, physiological character istics\, and gene expression patterns. In this research\, the lifetime of Positronium has been evaluated in spheroids formed from human melanoma cel l lines\, WM266-4 and WM115. In the first step\, spheroids were formed fro m WM266-4 and WM115 melanoma cell lines\, using the hanging drop method an d the size\, rate of proliferation and viability of spheroids were evaluat ed precisely by optical\, fluorescent Microscopy and micro-CT [1]. \nAfter precise determination of spheroid characteristics\, we created spheroids in 5D microplates for measuring positronium lifetime by PALS spectroscopy. The lifetime of positronium is environmentally dependent and it provides information about the size of intra-molecular spaces in cells\, thus it is related to the tissue morpholo-gy. To determine the positronium lifetime\ , the spheroids were inserted into an Aluminium chamber and irradi-ated wi th positrons emitted from 22Na radionuclide. The photons resulting from th e annihilation of positrons inside the spheroids were measured by the dedi cated detector build from BaF2 scintillators and digitizing acqui-sition s ystem. We observe differences in the lifetime of positronium depending on the degree of malignancy of the melanoma cells. WM266-4 showed a higher ve locity in division than WM115 which got 1.5 and 2.74-fold more cells after the 4th and 8th day while WM115 demonstrated 1.4 and 1.7-fold more cells after 4th and 8th days\, respectively. The Lifetime of o-Ps in WM266-4 sph eroids was 1.87 ns and 1.86 ns in 4th and 8th day after cul-turing while i n WM115 spheroids\, the o-Ps lifetime was 1.90 ns and 1.87 ns in 4th and 8 th day\, respectively. In conclusion\, both cell lines showed a reduction in an o-Ps lifetime during the time. This decrease in lifetime indicates t he reduction in molecular mobility because of the high concentration of ce lls in spheroids which are growing during the time. We can also consider t his difference in an o-Ps lifetime for malignancy diversity. The results w ill be reported in the context of its application of positronium as a biom arker for the in-vivo assess-ment of the degree of cancer malignancy with the total-body PET scanners [2].\nKeywords: Spheroids\, melanoma\, Hypoxia \, Positron imaging\nAcknowledgments\nThis work was supported by the Found ation for Polish Science (FNP) through grant TEAM/2017-4/39 program\, and DSC grant\, nom. N17/MNS/000023.\nReferences\n1. Karimi\, Hanieh\, et al. "X-ray microtomography as a new approach for imaging and analysis of tumor spheroids." Micron 137 (2020): 102917.\n2. Moskal\, Paweł\, and Ł. Stę pień\, Ewa. "Prospects and clinical perspectives of total-body PET imagin g using plastic scintillators." PET clinics 15.4 (2020): 439-452.\n\nhttps ://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/254/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/254/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Event Identification in Compton Camera Imaging via Machine Learnin g for Proton Therapy Monitoring DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T141000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T143000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-253@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Majid Kazemi Kozani (Marian Smoluchowski Institute o f Physics\, Jagiellonian University\, Kraków\, Poland)\nOne of the most i mportant challenges in hadron therapy is the development of online monitor ing techniques. Monitoring systems based on the detection of secondary rad iation such as prompt gamma (PG) emission produced during treatment are pr omising approaches for this purpose [1\,2]. The SiFi-CC\, a Compton camera based on stacks of heavy scintillating fibers and SiPMs\, is being develo ped for PG imaging [3\,4]. A machine learning approach based on TMVA [5] t o recognize Compton events is proposed for the classification of pseudo-da ta generated by the Geant4 simulation for a 180 MeV spot-scanning proton b eam impinging on a PMMA phantom. To reconstruct a Compton event\, a minimu m of two interactions is required. Therefore\, the proposed method first b uilds a learning set of the events filtered with interactions that yielded at least one interaction in each of two modules of the SiFi-CC. The data set is used to train the boosted decision tree (BDT) model using nine feat ures including the position and deposited energy of interactions in the sc atterer and the absorber\, and the cosine of internal scattering angles te rm. A 10-fold cross-validation of the BDT model shows a great increase in the signal to background ratio. A software based on the LM-MLEM algorithm [6\,7] was applied for the reconstruction of the PG distribution. Very goo d agreement between the reconstructed distal edge position and that of sim ulated Compton events was obtained. Moreover\, it was shown that the preci sion of a few millimeters in distal edge position determination is feasibl e.\nReferences:\n[1] C.H. Min\, et al.\, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A. vol. 580\, 2007\, pp. 562–565.\n[2] L. Kelleter\, et al.\, Phys. Med .\, vol. 34\, 2017\, pp. 7-17.\n[3] J. Kasper\, et al.\, Phys. Med.\, vol. 76\, Jul. 2020\, pp. 317-325.\n[4] A. Wrońska\, et al.\, Acta. Phys. Pol . B\, vol. 51\, 2020\, pp. 17-25.\n[5] A. Hoecker\, et al.\, Rep. no. CERN -OPEN-2007-007.\n[6] S. J. Wilderman\, et al.\, IEEE Nucl. Sci. Symp. Med. Imaging Conf. Rec.\, vol. 3\, 1998\, pp. 1716-1720.\n[7] S. J. Wilderman\ , et al.\, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.\, vol. 48\, 2016\, pp. 111-116.\n\nhttps ://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/253/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/253/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:The in vitro study of the toxicity and therapeutic effects of iron oxide nanoparticles with different core size DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T140000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T142000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-248@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Natalia Janik-Olchawa (Faculty of Physics and Applie d Computer Science\, AGH University of Science and Technology)\nNanotechno logy is a combination of science\, engineering and technology in a nanosca le. This revolutionary technics is used in many fields of science and life [1\,2]. Advances in nanotechnology resulted in the development of therano stic nanoparticles constituting the diagnostic and therapeutic agent in a single particles [3]. Such features are possessed\, among others\, by magn etite nanoparticles which serving as the contrast agents for MRI can be us ed in medical diagnostics. In turn\, their interaction with the external m agnetic field cause that they can be used as drug carries or agents for th e local hyperthermia.\n To introduce iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in to clinical practice their biocompatibility and potential mechanisms of to xicity are to be determined. The main objective of our study was the analy sis of therapeutic potential and potential toxicities of IONPs based on di fferent cellular models. The impact of PEG-coated magnetite NPs with three different core diameters (5\, 10 and 30 nm)\, determined by TEM\, on the normal and cancer cell lines was examined. The cytotoxicity of nanomateria ls was assessed by MTT assay and trypan blue staining. Cell motility\, int racellular ROS production and actin cytoskeleton rearrangements were also studied. For this purpose\, fluorescence microscopy and time-lapse videomi croscopy were used. Moreover\, the anomalies in the distribution and struc ture of biomolecules induced in cells by IONPs were examined and for this purpose Raman microspectroscopy was applied.\n The obtained results show ed changes in cell life parameters which depended on the IONPs core diamet er\, cell line\, exposure time and dose. What is more\, the fluorescence m icroscopy with TIRF module showed changes in cytoskeleton organization and cell morphology for some cell lines after the treatment with IONPs.\n\nRe ferences:\n[1] Dadfar SM\, Roemhild K\, Drude NI\, von Stillfried S\, Knü chel R\, Kiessling F\, Lammers T. Iron oxide nanoparticles: Diagnostic\, t herapeutic and theranostic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2019. 138:302 -325.\n[2] Suciu M\, Ionescu CM\, Ciorita A\, Tripon SC\, Nica D\, Al-Sala mi H\, Barbu-Tudoran L. Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanop articles in drug and therapeutic delivery\, and biotechnological advanceme nts. Beilstein J Nanotechnol. 2020. 11:1092-1109.\n[3] Revia RA\, Zhang M. Magnetite nanoparticles for cancer diagnosis\, treatment\, and treatment monitoring: recent advances. Mater Today (Kidlington). 2016. 19(3):157-168 .\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/248/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/248/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Convolutional neural networks in classification of multi-photon co incidences in J-PET scanner DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T134000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T140000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-283@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Paweł Konieczka (NCBJ)\nPaweł Konieczka\, on behal f of the J-PET collaboration\n\nConvolutional Neural Networks are excellen t at analyzing images by\nlearning abstract representations. CNN has been an overwhelming strategy\nin computer vision tasks and has achieved expert -level performances in\nvarious fields. There has been a surge of interest in the potential of\nCNN among radiology researchers and several studies have already been\npublished in areas such as classification [1] and image reconstruction\n[2].\n\nFirst general methodology to transform a non-imag e data into an image\nfor CNN architectures has been presented in [3]. Nev ertheless\, this\nmethod cannot be applied to large data sets\, where numb er of features is\nvery small\, because of computational complexity of PCA . The introduction\nof scheme of non-image data transformation into 2-dime nsional matrices\nwill be proposed [4].\n\nThe goal of this poster is to p resent results of multi-photon\ncoincidences classification in J-PET scann er using CNNs. Bayesian\noptimization of two convolutional network archite ctures (DeepInsight\n[3]\, YOLOv1 [5]) will be presented.\n\nReferences:\n \n[1] Yasaka\, Koichiro\, et al. Deep learning with convolutional neural n etwork\nfor differentiation of liver masses at dynamic contrast-enhanced C T: a\npreliminary study. Radiology\, 2018\, 286.3: 887-896.\n\n[2] Liu\, F ang\, et al. Deep learning MR imaging--based attenuation correction\nfor P ET/MR imaging. Radiology\, 2018\, 286.2: 676-684.\n\n[3] Sharma\, Alok\, e t al. DeepInsight: A methodology to transform a non-image\ndata to an imag e for convolution neural network architecture. Scientific\nreports\, 2019\ , 9.1: 1-7.\n\n[4] Raczyński\, Lech\, Introduction of non-image PET data transformation to\nimage-form approach for classification using Convolutio nal Neural\nNetworks. 1st Symposium on Theranostics\, 2021.\n\n[5] Redmon\ , Joseph\, et al. You only look once: Unified\, real-time object\ndetectio n. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and\npattern recognition. 2016. p. 779-788.\n\nE-mail: pawel.konieczka@ncbj.gov.pl\n\nh ttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/283/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/283/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:CPT symmetry test in positronium annihilations with the J-PET dete ctor DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T132000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T134000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-250@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Neha Chug (Jagiellonian University)\nDiscrete symmet ry under the combined transformation of charge\, parity\, and time reversa l (CPT) can be tested in the decays of positronium atom\, the lightest bou nd system built of charged leptons.\nJagiellonian Positron Emission Tomogr aph (J-PET) device constructed from plastic scintillators\, detects the ph otons originating from electron positron annihilation. This feature enable s J-PET to study CPT symmetry in the three photon annihilations of the tri plet state of positronium. Signs of violation of the CPT symmetry can be s ought as a non-vanishing expectation value of an angular correlation opera tor that is odd under CPT transformation. Technique to estimate the spin of ortho-positronium and momenta of annihilation photons for single record ed ortho-positronium event allows J-PET to measure the expectation value o f CPT symmetry odd angular correlation operator. J-PET measures a broad ra nge of kinematical configurations of ortho-positronium annihilation to thr ee photons and is the first experiment to determine the full range of the CPT-odd angular correlation. The presentation will include the methods of performing the CPT symmetry test using an angular correlation operator whi ch involves the spin and momenta of photons originating from o-Ps${\\to}3{ \\gamma}$ decay using extensive size positronium production and annihilati on chambers with the J-PET detector.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/e vent/4/contributions/250/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/250/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Total-Body PET: System Design and Applications DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T142000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T145000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-279@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Suleman Surti (University of Pennsylvania)\nThe curr ent generation of commercial PET scanners has excellent performance and di agnostic image quality\, but the system sensitivity and dynamic imaging ca pability are limited by the scanner’s axial length. In recent years ther e has been an interest in developing whole-body PET scanners with much lon ger AFOV that not only increase the system sensitivity but can also image the whole-body of a patient without bed translation. Currently there are a t least two commercial scanners offering at least 1 m long axial field-of- view (AFOV). An important outcome of very high sensitivity is the potentia l to significantly reduce routine clinical scan times which can be benefic ial in reducing patient motion artifacts and increase patient throughput. Alternately\, the injected dose can be reduced that is beneficial in areas such as pediatric imaging and serial imaging of patients for monitoring r esponse to therapy. Whole-body imaging with large axial coverage will allo w one to perform dynamic imaging for pharmacokinetic studies over multiple organs. In this presentation we will present the design concepts underlyi ng the development of long AFOV systems (two commercial and one research)\ , followed by a few example studies illustrating the imaging capabilities and clinical/research potential of such systems. Finally\, new design conc epts that aim to reduce the cost of these system will be introduced\n\nhtt ps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/279/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/279/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Positronium Imaging with the J-PET detector for the medical purpos es DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T140000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T142000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-260@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kamil Dulski (Jagiellonian University)\nPositronium Imaging [1-4] is a branch of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) which focu ses on the spatial and structural correlation probed by positronium (posit ron-electron atom) formation in the test sample or in the tissues of patie nt. It is possible due to the (main) influence of the size of the free vol umes (nm scale) on the mean lifetime of the long-lived positronium state - ortho-positronium (total spin number S = 1) [1-6]. Moreover\, the positio n of positronium decay can be reconstructed based on its decay products – high-energy photons [1-8]. Therefore\, by using additional marker of t he positronium formation the lifetimes and the positions of a single decay s of positronia can be collected during a scan. The positronium images con sist of an estimate of the mean positronium lifetime in each image voxel. Such marker that can be used to estimate the formation of the positronium is an additional photon associated with the creation of a positron which f orms positronium with an electron from the tested sample [1-4]. Due to the additional contrast that can differentiate healthy cells from neoplastic cells from the mean lifetime of the positronium\, the potential of PET to detect neoplastic lesions may be increased\, where the possibilities of de termining the degree of malignancy from positronium imaging are also discu ssed [1-4]. The first demonstration of positronium imaging was performed o n the J-PET detector [1]\, which is based on an innovative technology that benefits from the excellent timing capabilities of plastic scintillators (resolution ≈ 100 ps) as well as a relatively large axial field-of-view (FOV ≈ 0.5 m) [3\, 5-8]. Fundamentals of positronium imaging and results from the imaging of the phantom consisting of heart tumor tissues (Cardia c Myxoma) and normal pericardial tissues by the J-PET detector will be sho wn. These are also the first images obtained by positronium imaging\, and the J-PET detector is the first device capable of collecting such images.\ nReferences:\n[1] P. Moskal\, K. Dulski et al.\, Science Advances 2021 (in press)\n[2] P. Moskal … K. Dulski et al.\, EJNMMI Phys. 7 (2020) 44\n[3 ] P. Moskal and E.Ł. Stępień\, PET Clin. 15 (2020) 439\n[4] P. Moskal e t al.\, Nature Rev. Phys. 1 (2019) 527\n[5] K. Dulski et al.\, NIM A 1008 (2021) 165452\n[6] K. Dulski et al.\, Hyperfine Interact. 239 (2018) 40\n[ 7] P. Moskal … K. Dulski et al.\, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 70 (2021) 2 000810\n[8] S. Niedżwiecki … K. Dulski et al.\, Acta Phys. Pol. B 48 (2 017) 1567\nAcknowledgment:\nThis work was supported by the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP) through grant TEAM/2017- 4/39\, nom. N17/MNS/000023 a nd the DigiWorld (Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory) and the SciMat ( PSP: U1U/P05/NW/03.23) Priority Research Area as part of the Excellence In itiative program at the Jagiellonian University.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if .uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/260/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/260/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Uncovering the diagnostic power of exosomes for prosthetic joint f ailure DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T132000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T134000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-244@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ana Ribeiro (International Iberian Nanotechnology La boratory)\nThe effect of debris exposure on the osteoimmunological crossta lk is poorly understood. For the first time\, we report that titanium diox ide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs)\, similar in size and composition to wear deb ris associated with prosthetic implants\, altered bone exosomes biogenesis and cargo. Using mass spectrometry analysis\, we identified urokinase-typ e plasminogen activator (uPA)\, specifically enriched in exosomes derived from bone cells pre-incubated with TiO2 NPs. Besides uPA contribution to t he generation of inflammatory signals\, uPA was also previously reported i n patients with aseptic loosening of total hip prosthesis. Functional test s with isolated bone derived exosomes confirmed the activation of human ma crophages with consequent secretion of inflammatory cytokines that may con tribute to particle induced osteolysis and implant loosening. These findin gs\, indicate that the osteoimmunological communication trough exosomes wa s disturbed by TiO2 NPs and that uPA may be proposed as a biomarker to ear ly diagnose nanoparticle induced osteolysis\, avoiding or delaying a revis ion surgery\, thereby decreasing disease burden and improving patient heal th.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/244/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/244/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Targeted nanoparticles for cancer detection in animal models. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T130000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T132000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-233@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Barbara Błasiak (Polish Academy of Sciences\, Insti tute of Nuclear Physics\; Department of Clinical Neurosciences\, Universi ty of Calgary)\nMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been used for early c ancer detection\, as it provides high spatial resolution and soft tissue c ontrast. Yet its specificity is low. Standard contrast enhanced MRI is bas ed on tumors vasculature (i.e. Gd-based) and it does not provide sufficien tly high specificity for tumor diagnosis and thus targeted contrast agents providing T2 contrast have been applied to provide information on tumor s pecificity[1\,2]. \nTherefore\, we have developed core/shell NaDyF4/NaGdF4 nanoparticles changing both T1 and T2 relaxation times of surrounding wat er molecules. The NPs were conjugated with tumor specific antibodies and p roteins. The relaxation times (T1 and T2) of the nanoparticles with variou s core/shell sizes and concentrations were measured at 9.4T and 3T to find the optimum T1/T2 ratio for maximum contrast. T1- and T2-weighted images using core/shell nanoparticles of the animal models of brain\, breast and prostate cancer were collected. Mouse models of cancer were used at 9.4T. We imaged 6 weeks nude mice with the tumor before the injection of the tar geted and non-targeted contrast agents and in different time after injecti on (10 min after\,1h\, 2h and 24h). The core/shell based NPs provided impr oved tumor contrast when the T1 and T2-weighted MR pulse sequences were ap plied. The results show that the developed NPs may improve the efficacy of MRI in cancer detection.\nReferences:\n1. Blasiak B\, Tomanek B\, et al D etection of T2 changes in an early mouse brain tumor. Mag Res Imag 2010\, 28:784-9.\n2. Tomanek B\, Iqbal U\, Blasiak B\, at al. Evaluation of Brain Tumor Vessels Specific Contrast Agents for Glioblastoma Imaging. Neuro-On cology\, 2012\, 14(1):53-63.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/c ontributions/233/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/233/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Radioactive arsenic (III) compounds as potential theranostic radio pharmaceuticals DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T093000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T095000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-247@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Monika Łyczko (Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and T echnology)\nArsenic compounds have been known and used in medicine for cen turies. Arsenic (III) in the form of simple inorganic compounds easily oxi dizes\, which makes its administration in the human body difficult. As2O3 is now used in the successful treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. \ nThe high affinity of arsenic to sulfur atoms and creating strong bonds wi th sulfur-containing compounds provides a wide range of applications of ar senic compounds in medicine.\nThe application of arsenic compounds enables the use of a wide range of radioactive arsenic isotopes in nuclear medici ne\, both in diagnostics and therapy. Arsenic has four isotopes - β+ emit ters (70/71/72/74As) and three β- emitters (74/76/77As)\, which can be ob tained in a reactor or in an accelerator. The half-lives of As radioisotop es are in the range from 53 minutes to 18 days. 72As can be also obtained from the 72Se/72As generator [1\,2]\, which would facilitate the synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals in the hospital. Arsenic is also an interesting c andidate for use in the innovative β + γ diagnostic technique\, which al lows increasing the precision of the examination with the use of a lower d ose of the radioisotope for the patient [3].\nFor the synthesis of arsenic complexes on a weight scale the ligands containing thiol groups were used . The synthesis was carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere under reflux\, an d chloroform was used as a solvent. The four arsenic (III) compounds with dithiol ligands were obtained. The compounds were examined by X-ray diffra ction and their mass was determined by ESI Q-TOF-MS. The results of both s tudies confirmed the expected structure of the tested compounds\, which al lowed to determine the retention time of the peaks on HPLC chromatograms. Also\, the UV-Vis spectra of the tested complexes were measured. Toxicity studies of arsenic compounds on NB4 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells wer e performed using the MTS test. All compounds as well as As2O3 induced cyt otoxicity in a time and dose-dependent manner. \nThe established synthesis conditions on a weight scale allowed for the syntheses with the use of th e radioactive 76As isotope\, which were examined by TLC and HPLC methods. Radioactive complexes were formed with high efficiency within 0.5 h of syn thesis and were relatively stable in human serum.\n\nFunding: This work wa s supported by the IAEA Research Contract No: 23299 \n\n[1] E. Chajduk\, K . Doner\, H. Polkowska-Motrenko\, A. Bilewicz\, “Novel radiochemical sep aration of arsenic from selenium for 72Se/72As generator”\, Appl. Rad. I sot.\, vol. 70 pp. 819–822\, 2012.\n[2] M. Jennewein\, A. Schmidt\, A. F . Novgorodov\, S. M. Qaim\, F. Rösch\, “A no-carrier-added 72Se/72As ra dionuclide generator based on distillation”. Radiochim. Acta\, vol. 92\, pp. 245-249\, 2004.\n[3] M. Sitarz\, J.P. Cussonneau\, T. Matulewicz\, F. Haddad. “Radionuclide candidates for β+γ coincidence PET: An overview ”. Appl Radiat Isot. vol.155\, 108898\, 2020.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if. uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/247/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/247/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Quercetin loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles to contrast gram positive and gram negative bacteria infections DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T103000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T105000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-290@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Cristina Carucci (University of Cagliari)\nNowadays antibiotic resistance is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the biggest treat for human health. [1] In the absence of substant ial new antibiotic discovery\, drug delivery systems (DDS) can be used to transport and release a biologically active compound at the needed site. [ 2-3] Among several nanocarriers used for drug delivery\, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) present several advantages. For example\, they prese nt an high surface area (up to 1000 m2/g) and they can be easily functiona lized with chemical groups which allow to increase\, delay\, and localize drug release at cell targets. [3] To date\, to increase MSNs biocompatibil ity and increase their stability polymer coated nanoparticles are under st udy. [4-5]\nIn this work\, MSNs were functionalized separately with two am ine groups\, triethylenetetramine (TETA) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to give MSN-TETA and MSN-NH2 prior poly-L-lysine (PLL) modificatio n. After functionalization\, the flavonoid quercetin was loaded into MSNs. Structure and function were determined by a wide range of techniques such as TEM\, SAXS\, TGA\, FTIR\, N2-adsorption/desorption isotherms\, DLS and ELS. Drug release was assayed at different conditions (pH and drug loadin gs) giving release values within the range of drug concentration (2-10 µg /mL) in plasma after an oral administration dose of 200-500 mg of querceti n. Preliminary microbiological assays were also performed indicating a bet ter efficacy of the DDS against Gram positive bacteria. \n\nReferences\n[1 ] S. Hernando-Amado\, T.M. Coque\, F. Baquero\, Nat Microbiol\, 2019\, 4\, 1432–1442 \n[2] M. Vallet-Regí\, D\, Lonzano\, B. Gonzalez et al. Adva nced Healthcare Materials\, 2020\, 9\, 2000310 \n[3] RR. Castillo\, M. Val let-Regí\, Int J Nanomedicine\, 2021\;16:4409-4430\n[4] G.G. Abdo\, M.M. Zagho\, A.Khalil\, Emergent Materials\, 2020\, 3\, 407–425.\n[5] K. Kuld eep\,K.Deepak.\,A. Rosling\, J. Rosenholm\,Applied Science\, 2020\, 10\, 1 \, 289\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/290/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/290/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:193m\,195mPt-based nanobioconjugates for combined „chemo-Auger ” theranostics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and HER2+ breast cancer . DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T101000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T103000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-246@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kamil Wawrowicz (Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology\, Dorodna 16\, 03-195 Warsaw\, Poland)\nDespite the broad devel opment of medicine for cancer treatment\, current therapeutic approaches a re not efficient at dealing with aggressive and therapy-resistant neoplasm s such as breast cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma. In these tumors\, one of the most difficult steps of the therapy process is metastases treatmen t due to the spread of small size tumors. Targeted therapy with most effic ient Auger electrons emitters – 193mPt (30 A.E. per decay) and 195mPt (3 6 A.E. per decay) - is one of the most promising concept for this approach . Moreover\, 195mPt can be easily imaged via SPECT as a result of emission suitable for imaging photons with energy ~98.90 keV. Platinum-based radio pharmaceuticals\, due to their relevant characteristics\, are encouraging candidates for realizing “chemo-Auger” therapy which should be signifi cantly more effective than typical Auger therapy. Chemotoxicity of platinu m can be promoted in highly oxidative environment which occurs in most of hepatic cells and in some of breast/ovarian cancer cells. Biological effec tiveness studies of platinum-induced chemotoxicity were realized with two types of nanocarriers – 30 nm core-shell (Au@Pt) and ultra-small 2 nm pl atinum (PtNPs) nanoparticles\, used in forms of HER2+ targeted bioconjugat es with Trastuzumab\, as well as only polymer-stabilized conjugates for HC C. Research for non-radioactive (bio)conjugates chemotoxicity included eva luation for 2D and 3D in vitro tumor spheroid models. Moreover\, one of th e main parts was aimed at determining the mechanism of chemotoxicity. Ther e are two different concepts of platinum biological activity. In order to identify the factors responsible for cytotoxic effects\, nuclei isolation and oxidative stress markers determination were performed. Obtained result s confirmed\, that for chemotoxicity of platinum-based nanomaterials\, hig hly oxidative environment is a crucial parameter. Due to presence of natur ally occurring increased H2O2 concentration in HCC cells cytoplasm\, in th is cancer cells significant cytotoxicity was observed at similar level for both - Au@Pt and PtNPs conjugates (~50% at 72h post treatment). Furthermo re\, our results strongly indicates\, that in HER2 overexpressed breast/ov arian cancer cells the oxidative potential is insufficient for inducing cy totoxic effects of platinum. After widely conducted chemical and biologica l research for non-radioactive conjugates\, evaluation with radioactive 19 3m\,195mPt will be performed. Due to very limited availability of high spe cific activity Pt radionuclides\, during subsequent part of research\, var ious direct and indirect ways for high specific activities production will be under investigation.\nThis research was funded by National Science Cen tre (NCN)\, grant number UMO-2019/35/B/ST4/01433 (OPUS)”. The contributi on of PhD student Kamil Wawrowicz was realized within Project No. POWR.03. 02.00-00-I009/17-00 (Operational Project Knowledge Education Development 2 014–2020 co-financed by European Social Fund).\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if .uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/246/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/246/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Novel and fast method of gene mutation identification using Surfac e Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T095000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T101000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-245@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jan Krajczewski (Faculty of Chemistry\, University o f Warsaw)\nAn early and accurate diagnosis of specific DNA mutations has a decisive role for effective treatment. Especially\, when an immediate dec ision on treatment most needs to be made\, the rapid and precise confirmat ion of clinical findings is vital. Herein\, we show a new strategy for the gene mutation (BRAF c.1799T>A\; p. V600E) identification using highly SER S-active and reproducible SERS substrate (photo-etched GaN covered with a thin layer of sputtered gold) and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. The detection is based on the conformation change (gauche → trans) of the alkanethiol linker modifying the capture DNA during the hybridization process. The value of the intensity ratio of the ν(C–S) b ands of the trans and gauche conformer higher than 1.0 indicated the prese nce of mutation. The demonstrated new DNA SERS (bio)sensor is characterize d by the low detection limit at the level of pg/μL\, wide analytical rang e from 6.75 pg/μL to 67.5 ng/μL and high selectivity. The proposed b ioactive platforms\, based on nanostructured GaN substrates modified with thiolated ssDNA (single stranded DNA) can be successfully used in the anal ysis of clinical samples.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/cont ributions/245/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/245/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Theranostic and Monte Carlo simulation DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T082000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T084000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-288@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: David Sarrut (CNRS)\nWe will describe our experience s regarding dosimetry in radionuclide therapy (Lu177 and SIRT) performed a t our institution. Dose estimation from post and per-treatment SPECT image s is performed via dose-rate computation with Monte-Carlo simulation (Gate /Geant4). We will also describe current investigations of deep learning to speed up Monte Carlo simulations.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/eve nt/4/contributions/288/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/288/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Micro-CT journey - from bones to personalized medicine DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T074000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T080000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-264@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bartosz Leszczyński (M. Smoluchowski Institute of P hysics\, Jagiellonian University)\nX-ray microtomography (micro-CT) is a w ell establised nondestructive 3D method for small sample internal structur e imaging. For over 20 years\, micro-CT is known as a golden standard in b one microarchitecture analysis\, as an alternative to histological section ing method for preclinical research [1\, 2]. Micro-CT surpasses histologi cal analysis because it provides 3D information with several micron sampli ng.\n\nIn recent years\, micro-CT has been succesfully used in micro-angio graphy research. For this purpose it needs addition of contrast agents eit her by staining the sample for ex-vivo scanning or using perfusion in smal l animal in-vivo micro-CT [3\, 4]. Staining methods enhance imaging contra st globally by diffusion process in examined tissue\, particullary in area s with high affinity to a specific contrasting solutions. Recent research proofs the potential of this metod in imaging of 3D cell cultures called s pheroids [5]. The injected contrast agent works more locally. It can enhan ce image contrast of blood vessels\, heart\, kidneys and urinary bladder.\ n\nFrom the other hand micro-CT is an indispensable tool in material scien ce including drug design for a personalized medicine. This work shows how micro-CT can help in design and quality control of individualy 3D printed tablets [6\, 7]. \n\n\nReferences\n\n[1] Leszczyński\, et al. (2014). Thr ee dimensional visualisation and morphometry of bone samples studied in mi crocomputed tomography (micro-CT). Folia morphologica\, 73(4)\, 422–428. https://doi.org/10.5603/FM.2014.0064\n[2]Pilutin\, A.\, et al. (2021). Mo rphology and serum and bone tissue calcium and magnesium concentrations in the bones of male rats chronically treated with letrozole\, a nonsteroida l cytochrome P450 aromatase inhibitor. Connective tissue research\, 62(4)\ , 454–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/03008207.2020.1771329\n[3]Leszczyńsk i\, et al.(2018). Visualization and Quantitative 3D Analysis of Intraocula r Melanoma and Its Vascularization in a Hamster Eye. International journal of molecular sciences\, 19(2)\, 332. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19020332 \n[4] Tielemans\, B.\, et al. (2020). From Mouse to Man and Back: Closing the Correlation Gap between Imaging and Histopathology for Lung Diseases. Diagnostics\, 10(9)\, 636. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10090636\n[5 ] Karimi\, H.\, et al.(2020). X-ray microtomography as a new approach for imaging and analysis of tumor spheroids. Micron\, 137\, 102917. https://do i.org/10.1016/j.micron.2020.102917\n[6] Jamróz\, W.\, et al. (2020). Spee d it up\, slow it down…An issue of bicalutamide release from 3D printed tablets. European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences\, 143\, 105169. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105169\n[7] Jamróz W.\, et al.(2020). Mult ivariate Design of 3D Printed Immediate-Release Tablets with Liquid Crysta l-Forming Drug-Itraconazole. Materials\, 13(21)\, 4961. https://doi.org/10 .3390/ma13214961\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions /264/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/264/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Introduction of non-image PET data transformation to image-form fo r classification using Convolutional Neural Networks DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T080000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T082000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-249@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Lech Raczyński (Department of Complex Systems\, Nat ional Centre for Nuclear Research)\nRecently\, Convolutional Neural Net works (CNNs) [1] have achieved state-of-the-art performance in many a reas including medical sciences\, and are the method of choice commonly us ed for data recognition or classification. CNNs have proven to work most efficiently on 2-dimensional data that are in form of images. \n\nIn case of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) [2\,3] studies\, CNN may be applied directly to the reconstructed distribution of radioactive tracer in jected to the patient's body\, as for example a pattern recognitio n tool. Nonetheless\, much PET data still exists in non-image format and t herefore \nopens challenging research questions on whether they can be eff ectively trained using CNN. Examples of such tasks are estimation of time- of-flight from signals registered in scintillators [4] or classification of coincidence events acquired by PET scanner [5]. \n\nThe goal of this p resentation is the introduction of scheme of non-image data transformation into 2-dimensional matrices\, as a preparation stage for classification b ased on CNNs. The first work to apply CNN on different kinds of non-image datasets\, e.g.\, gene expression or text information\, was \nproposed in [6]. Here\, we will focus mainly on the problem of processing of vectors with small number of features in comparison to the numb er of pixels in the output images. As an example\, a discussion of application of the proposed methodology to classification of PET coinciden ce events will provided [7]. \n\n**References** \n \n[1] Lecun Y\, Bengio Y and Hinton G. Deep learning\, *Nature* vol. 521\, pp. 436\, 2015. \n\n [2] Humm J L\, Rosenfeld A\, Del Guerra A. From PET detectors to PET scan ners\, \n*European J. of Nucl. Med. & Mol. Imag.* vol. 30\, pp. 1574\, 200 3. \n \n[3] Bailey D L. *Positron Emission Tomography: Basic Sciences*\, Springer-Verlag\, New York\, 2005. \n\n[4] Berg E and Cherry S R. Using convolutional neural networks to estimate time-of-flight from PET detect or waveforms\, *Phys. Med. Biol.*\, vol. 63\, pp. 02LT01\, 2018. \n\n[5] Bielecki J. Application of the machine learning methods to the multi-phot on event classification in the J-PET scanner\, *Msc thesis*\, *Warsaw Uni versity of Technology*\, 2019. \n\n[6] Sharma A\, Vans E\, Shigemizu D\ , Boroevich K A and Tsunoda T. Deepinsight: A methodology transform a non -image data to an image for convolution neural network architecture. *Scie ntific Report*s vol. 9\, pp. 11399\, 2019. \n \n[7] Konieczka P. Convolu tional Neural Networks in classification of multi-photon coincidences in J -PET scanner\, *1st Symposium on Theranostics*\, 9-11 October 2021.\n\nhtt ps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/249/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/249/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:List-mode TOF MLEM reconstruction for the total-body J-PET with a realistic system response matrix DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T072000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T074000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-241@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Roman Shopa (National Centre for Nuclear Research\, Poland)\nWe modify the time-of-flight maximum likelihood expectation maxim isation (TOF MLEM) image reconstruction algorithm by an updated model for the system response matrix (SRM) of the total-body Jagiellonian PET (J-PET ) scanners\, which modular multi-layer geometry complicates SRM estimation and requires more computational power to calculate correction factors [1] .\nThe elongated plastic scintillators of the J-PET\, which use Compton sc attering for the detection of positron-electron annihilation photons\, imp ly the smooth dependence of SRM on the obliqueness angle $\\theta$. We thu s represent it as a set of functions unique for each bin and acquired by a log-polynomial fit of the Monte Carlo simulated emissions of $\\gamma$-ph otons on 2D transverse planes with different $\\theta$.\nBy utilising the GATE software [2]\, a NEMA IEC phantom [3] was simulated in a 140-cm long 24-module J-PET\, comprised of 2 detector layers (inner radius 393 mm) and a layer of wavelength shifters [4]. The data collected from a 500-s long scan was post-smeared according to the assessed temporal (191 ps) and axia l (5 mm) resolution. Only true coincidences were considered. \nThe updated SRM was employed for the list-mode TOF MLEM reconstruction. For the prede fined NEMA IEC attenuation map\, two versions of attenuation correction we re applied: a conventional (integration over bins) and a simplified on-the -fly recalculation for each measurement\, which improves performance and i s less sensitive to boundary effects. \nCompared to the reference list-mod e TOF MLEM from the CASToR framework [5]\, a substantial improvement in th e image quality and mean squared error with respect to ground truth were o bserved. The simplified attenuation correction proved to be a reliable alt ernative\, producing outcomes similar or better than the conventional appr oach.\nTo summarise\, the proposed analytical SRM model for the total-body J-PET proved to be superior to the reference method employed for crystal- based scanners. The modified TOF MLEM and attenuation correction do not re quire high computational power and can be extended to account for the non- collinearity\, positron range and other factors.\n\n[1] P. Moskal et al.\, “Simulating NEMA characteristics of the modular total-body J-PET scanne r—an economic total-body PET from plastic scintillators\,” Phys. Med. Biol.\, vol. 66\, no. 17\, pp. 175015\, Sep. 2021.\n[2] S. Jan et al.\, “GATE: a simulation toolkit for PET and SPECT\,” Phys. Med. Biol.\, vo l. 49\, no. 19\, pp. 4543-4561\, Oct. 2004. \n[3] Performance Measurements of Positron Emission Tomographs\, NEMA NU 2-2012\, 2013.\n[4] J. Smyrski et al.\, "Measurement of gamma quantum interaction point in plastic scinti llator with WLS strips\," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A\, vol. 851\, pp. 39-42\, Apr. 2017.\n[5] T. Merlin et al.\, "CASToR: a generic data or ganization and processing code framework for multi-modal and multi-dimensi onal tomographic reconstruction\," Phys. Med. Biol.\, vol. 63\, no. 18\, p p. 185005\, Sep. 2018.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contrib utions/241/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/241/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Award ceremony for the best posters DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T145000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211011T150500Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-294@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Magdalena Skurzok (Jagiellonian University)\, Szymon Niedźwiecki (Jagiellonian University)\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/ event/4/contributions/294/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/294/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Metabolic and positronium imaging sensitivity of the total body J- PET tomographs DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T100000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T102000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-278@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Szymon Parzych (Faculty of Physics\, Astronomy and A pplied Computer Science Jagiellonian University\, 30-348 Kraków\, Poland) \nOn behalf of the J-PET Collaboration\n\nA new and popular trend in the f ield of medical imaging\, especially in the positron emission tomography\, is the construction of scanners with a whole human body coverage. Such to tal body PET tomographs prove to be much more efficient and accurate with respect to the clinically available PET systems [1]. One of the groups\, w hich is currently developing a total body scanner\, is the Jagiellonian PE T Collaboration (J-PET) [2]. In contrast to the standard crystal-based det ectors\, it utilizes axially arranged plastic scintillators.\n\nDuring con ventional PET imaging the information taken into reconstruction comes from the two\, back-to-back annihilation photons. Standard metabolic imaging e nables the diagnosis of the uptake of radiopharmaceuticals in cells [3]. N evertheless\, in almost 40% of cases positrons annihilations occur through the creation of a metastable positronium atom. Properties of such atoms l ike formation probability and mean lifetime turn out to have a dependence on the inner structure of tissues. It was proven that they can be used as an additional diagnostic indicator. The recently proposed positronium mean lifetime imaging method enables study of these characteristics [3-7]. \n\ nIn the framework of this work a simulation-based study of the sensitivity to the conventional and positronium imaging was conducted on the total bo dy tomographs designed with the J-PET technology. For that a dedicated Toy Monte-Carlo model working in the event-by-event basis has been developed and validated. The research was conducted basing on the “NEMA Standards Publication NU 2-2018” [8]. Moreover\, a comparison with the traditional short axial field of view PET system was performed.\n\nReferences:\n[1] S . R. Cherry et al.\, Total-Body PET: Maximizing Sensitivity to Create New Opportunities for Clinical Research and Patient Care\, J. Nucl. Med.\, vol . 59\, no. 1\, pp. 3-12\, Jan 2018\n[2] P. Moskal et al.\, Simulating NEMA characteristics of the modular total-body J-PET scanner – an economic t otal-body PET from plastic scintillators\, Phys Med Biol.\, vol. 66\, no. 17\, Sept 2021\n[3] P. Moskal\, E. Ł. Stepien\, Prospects and Clinical Pe rspectives of Total-Body PET Imaging Using Plastic Scintillators\, PET Cli n.\, vol. 15\, no. 4\, pp. 439-452\, Oct 2020\n[4] P. Moskal\, Positronium Imaging\, 2019 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Confere nce (NSS/MIC)\, 2019\, pp. 1-3\n[5] P. Moskal et al.\, Performance assessm ent of the 2 γpositronium imaging with the total-body PET scanners\, EJNM MI Phys.\, 7:44\, June 2020\n[6] P. Moskal et al.\, Positronium in medicin e and biology\, Nat Rev Phys\, vol. 1\, pp. 527–529\, Sept 2019\n[7] P. Moskal et al.\, Feasibility study of the positronium imaging with the J-PE T tomograph\, Phys Med Biol.\, vol. 64\, no. 5\, Mar 2019\n[8] NEMA Standa rds Publication NU 2-2018\, National Electrical Manufacturers Association\ , 2018\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/278/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/278/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Innovative Positron Emission Tomography for a Beam Range Monitorin g in Proton Radiotherapy DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T090000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T092000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-266@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Jakub Baran (IFJ PAN)\nImproving the precision and c onformity of proton treatment delivery by application of proton beam range monitoring remains to be one of the greatest challenges of the proton rad iation therapy[1]. One of the most commonly investigated approaches is to measure proton beam range by means of detection of annihilation gammas pro duced in patient during irradiation. A new\, modular\, easy-configurable p lastic scintillator based J-PET technology[2\,3] is being developed at the Jagiellonian University\, Poland offering the possibility to address the proton beam range monitoring by means of positon emission tomography (PET) imaging[4]. \n\nWe developed a workflow to perform Monte Carlo simulation s (GATE)[5] of proton therapy treatment of patients including β+ activity production\, coincidence events detection and PET image reconstruction (C ASToR)[6] just after the irradiation. Six different J-PET based scanner se tup configurations (single-layer\, multi-layer\, cylindrical\, dual-head) were designed and investigated. We compared efficiency\, number of registe red coincidences (true and scattered) and reconstructed activity images di stribution for different geometrical setup configurations. The expected ac tivity reconstructed using J-PET scanner was compared to the actual β+ ac tivity distribution produced in the patient. \n\nOur results show that all investigated J-PET setup configurations are feasible to acquire and recon struct the β+ activity produced during patient irradiation with a proton beam. The efficiency of the configurations ranges from 0.06% (single layer dual-head) to 0.52% (triple layer barrel). The reconstructed PET images w ere compared to ground truth production activity distribution revealing go od agreement\, which will be further improved by optimization of the recon struction and image post-processing protocols. Experimental validation of the simulations will be performed on phantoms and in the clinical-like con ditions in order to fully evaluate the J-PET detector capabilities.\n\n[1] Knopf\, AC\, and Lomax\, A.\, "In vivo proton range verification: a revie w." Physics in Medicine & Biology 58.15 (2013): R131.\n[2] Moskal\, P.\, e t al. "Positronium in medicine and biology." Nature Reviews Physics 1.9 (2 019): 527-529.\n[3] Moskal\, P.\, et al. "Simulating NEMA characteristics of the modular total-body J-PET scanner—an economic total-body PET from plastic scintillators." Physics in Medicine & Biology 66.17 (2021): 175015 .\n[4] Baran\, J.\, et al. "Studies of J-PET detector to monitor range unc ertainty in proton therapy." 2019 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medic al Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC). IEEE.\n[5] Grevillot\, L.\, et al. "GATE ‐RTion: a GATE/Geant4 release for clinical applications in scanned ion b eam therapy." Medical Physics 47.8 (2020): 3675-3681.\n[6] Merlin\, T.\, e t al. "CASToR: a generic data organization and processing code framework f or multi-modal and multi-dimensional tomographic reconstruction." Physics in Medicine & Biology 63.18 (2018): 185005.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.e du.pl/event/4/contributions/266/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/266/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:3D printed lightweight and modular lithium-ion Uninterruptible Pow er Booster for medical devices. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T094000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T100000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-255@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Gabriel Moskal (Department of Chemical Technology\, Faculty of Chemistry of the Jagiellonian University\, Kraków\, Poland\;To tal-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory\, Jagiellonian University\, Kraków\, Poland )\nAdvanced devices for diagnostics and medical therapy require a constant and stable power source. The disadvantage of commonly used uninte rruptible power supply (UPS) is the heavy weight[1]\, centralization and t he need to use specially prepared rooms and dedicated electrical installat ions. The aim of the presented research is to prepare a safe\, economic an d modular Uninterruptible Power Booster (UPB). A UPB can increase the insu fficient power output of the mains supply\, guaranteeing power for the pre -planned time. Low price and modularity are possible due to the use of 3D printing and Li-ion cells\, which will allow the construction of UPB insta lled in the immediate vicinity of the protected device. Among available te chnologies of chemical energy storage\, Li-ion cells are characterized by high gravimetric and volumetric energy density[1]. Currently\, liquid elec trolytes(LE) are used in Li-ion cells\, which have good ionic conductivity \, but are flammable\, toxic and sensitive to lithium dendrite overgrowth\ , which may lead to an internal short circuit and damage to a given module . For safety reasons\, a much better solution than LE would be solid elect rolytes(SE)\, which would not be flammable and hazardous to the environmen t. Due to the fact that SE constitute a barrier to lithium dendrites\, the y can extend the working time of li-ion cells[2]. Currently\, there is no known material that would fit well as a SE for li-ion cells. There are sev eral materials under development\, but they are not ready for industrial a pplications[3\,4].This presentation concerns the research conducted on SE\ , synthesized with the use of cheap\, environmentally safe materials. For this purpose\, syntheses of materials based on silicon glass and polysacch arides were performed. Methods of syntheses and the results for measuring the ionic conductivity of the tested electrolytes and an example UPB for J -PET mobile tomograph will be presented[5\,6]. The use of this solution wi th stationary devices will allow to reduce electricity costs by loading th e energy storage using a less expensive night tariff\, and then using the collected energy during the day\, and also to install the device in a room without access to a UPS system.\n[1]S. Anuphappharadorn Et al.\, Energy P rocedia\,56(2014)352-358\n[2]J. Xie\, Y. Lu\, Nature Communications\,11(20 20)2499\n[3]F. Zheng Et al.\, Journal of Power Source\,389(2018)198-213 \n [4]A. Manthiram Et al.\, Nature Reviews Materials\,2(2017)16103\n[5]P. Mos kal\, E. Stępień\,PET Clinics\,15(2020)439-452\n[6]P. Moskal et al.\, Na ture Reviews Physics\,1(2019)527-529\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/e vent/4/contributions/255/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/255/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:103Pd/103mRh in-vivo generator for Auger electron targeted therapy DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T092000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T094000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-242@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nasrin Abbasi Gharibkandi ( Institute of Nuclear Che mistry and Technology)\nIn recent years the application of Auger emitters for cancer targeted therapy has got great attention. Current clinically us eful systemic radiation therapies are mainly based on β- radiation emitte rs. However\, the tissue range of low energy β- particles is about severa l hundred cells length that is not optimal for treatment of small-size tum ors [1]. Tissue range of α particles is only around several cells length (40 – 100 µm)\, what in combination with their high linear energy trans fer (LET≈100keV/µm) results in high radiocytotoxicity. However\, this t herapeutic approach cannot be used widely due to the low availability of α-emitters [2]. Auger electrons are similar to high-LET particles\, like α particles\, and can induce considerable cell damage. Furthermore\, comp ared to α and β- radiation\, Auger emitters remain of low toxicity whil e travelling in blood or bone marrow but become highly efficient when inco rporated into DNA of target cells. Hence\, Auger radiotherapy is considere d a promising field for targeting small tumors such as metastases [3]. Sin ce most of the energy released by Auger electrons is deposited in close pr oximity from the decay site\, the successful use of Auger emitters in ther apy requires their precise delivery to a sensitive organelles in the cells [4]. We propose new idea to deliver the Auger emitter 103mRh to the cell nucleus by using an in-vivo 103Pd/103mRh generator conjugate. Synthesized trastuzumab or inhibitor of PSMA radiobiocojugates labeled with 103Pd (t1/ 2 = 16.99 d) will transport the radionuclide to the cytoplasm in the perin uclear area. As a result of nuclear decay\, 103mRh (t1/2=56 min) will be r eleased and in the form of 103Rh_aq^(3+) will penetrate the nuclear membra ne and bind to the DNA inducing cytotoxic effect. In the first step\, we s ynthesized Au nanoparticles\, which were covered with a layer of metallic Pd. Next\, using PEG linker\, we attached monoclonal trastuzumab to the co re-shell nanoparticles. The preliminary studies of cytotoxicity of non-rad ioactive Au@Pd nanoparticles and Au@Pd-trastuzumab bioconjugates were perf ormed.\nReferences\n[1] Y.-m. Song\, X.-r. Zheng\, and X.-q. Yao\, "Study on the interactions of ruthenium (III)\, rhodium (III) and palladium (II) ions with DNA\," Transition metal chemistry\, vol. 31\, pp. 616-620\, 2006 .\n[2] C. Parker\, V. Lewington\, N. Shore\, C. Kratochwil\, M. Levy\, O. Lindén\, et al.\, "Targeted alpha therapy\, an emerging class of cancer a gents: a review\," JAMA oncology\, vol. 4\, pp. 1765-1772\, 2018.\n[3] A. I. Kassis\, "The amazing world of auger electrons\," International journal of radiation biology\, vol. 80\, pp. 789-803\, 2004.\n[4] S. Aghevlian\, A. J. Boyle\, and R. M. Reilly\, "Radioimmunotherapy of cancer with high l inear energy transfer (LET) radiation delivered by radionuclides emitting α-particles or Auger electrons\," Advanced drug delivery reviews\, vol. 1 09\, pp. 102-118\, 2017.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contr ibutions/242/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/242/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Polystyrene-based plastic scintillators for theranostics applicati ons DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T082000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T084000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-287@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Łukasz Kapłon (Jagiellonian University)\nŁukasz K apłon on behalf of the J-PET Collaboration.\n\nPlastic scintillators are used in many applications connected with medical devices\, for example in time-of-flight positron emission tomography [1]\, long-axial field of view positron emission tomography scanners [2] and in plastic scintillation do simetry [3]. Scintillators absorb ionizing radiation and convert its energ y into visible light via fluorescence. Purpose of this research is to find optimal fluorescent dyes combination dissolved in polystyrene matrix. Pol ymer scintillators were synthesized from styrene monomer in bulk radical p olymerization [4].\n\nIn this research one the best fluorescent compound e mitting ultraviolet light is combined with a few fluorescent dyes shifting scintillators emission to blue and green light spectrum [5]. Emission max ima of manufactured polystyrene scintillators are close to maximum quantum efficiency of light detectors used in plastic scintillation detectors. Li ght output of scintillators as a measure of gamma radiation conversion int o blue and green light will be presented. High light output and matching e mission spectra of scintillator with quantum efficiency of light detector is needed to obtain good signal-to-noise ratio in scintillation detectors [6].\n\nGreen-emitting plastic scintillators have several advantages over blue-emitting scintillators in plastic scintillation dosimetry application . Firstly\, green light is less attenuated by polystyrene matrix and yello w compounds resulting from radiation damage. Secondly\, the longer the wav elength of scintillators light\, the smaller portion of Cerenkov light is emitted in this green bandwidth in plastic dosimeter and subtraction of th is stem signal is easier. Thirdly\, green light around 500 nm is the least attenuated in plastic optical fibers usually glued to plastic scintillato rs forming scintillation dosimeter.\n\nReferences\n[1] S. Niedźwiecki et al.\, Acta Phys. Pol. B\, 48 (2017) 1567-1576\n[2] P. Moskal\, E. Stępie ń\, PET Clin\, 15 (2020) 439-452\n[3] L. Beaulieu\, S. Beddar\, Phys. Med . Biol.\, 61 (2016) R305-R343\n[4] Ł. Kapłon et al.\, Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems\, 10 (2014) 27-31\n[5] Ł. Kapłon\, Acta Phys. Pol. B\, 51 ( 2020) 225-230\n[6] A. Wieczorek et al.\, PLoS ONE\, 12 (2017) e0186728 1-1 6\n\nThis work was supported by grant for the early stage of research fina ncing from Centre for Technology Transfer CITTRU from the Jagiellonian Uni versity in 2021\; the National Science Centre of Poland through grant OPUS No. 2019/35/B/ST2/03562 and the Jagiellonian University under project No. CRP/0641.221.2020.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributi ons/287/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/287/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Positron annihilation as a process to observe of the pathogenic ti ssue modification. DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T070000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T072000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-251@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bożena Jasińska (Institute of Physics\, Maria Curi e Sklodowska University)\nTwo the most known techniques based on positron- electron annihilation are PET (Positron Emission Tomography) and PALS (Pos itron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy). \nPET is a diagnostic method en abling imaging of the metabolism of chosen substances in the living organi sm. Metabolism rate depends on many factors\, one of them is cancer growth in some region of body.\nOther technique\, commonly used in material scie nces\, PALS\, allows following precisely kind of processes leading to pos itron annihilation\, including creation and decaying the positronium (boun d state of positron-electron) states. It is known that o-Ps lifetime value reflects size of the free spaces in which it is trapped. Then one can exp ect it can be used to investigate tissue modification during some kind of diseases. Additionally\, intensity of this component allows to follow char ge activity of some processes\, including cell apoptosis or radical creati on.\nPreliminary investigation performed on real healthy and altered human tissues using PALS clearly indicates that it is possible to distinguish b etween healthy and diseased tissues and between different kinds of lesions of the some organ using techniques based on positron annihilation. So\, i t is justified to include the new imaging method based on positronium prop erties in PET diagnosis.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contr ibutions/251/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/251/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Test targets for J-PET experiments with medicine and physics DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T080000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T082000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-276@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Marek Gorgol (Maria Curie-Sklodowska University\, In stitute of Physics\, Department of Material Physics\, Pl. M. Curie-Sklodow skiej 1\, 20-031 Lublin\, Poland)\nJ-PET\, as a total body PET device\, gi ves an opportunity to perform additional investigations in medicine\, that couldn’t be performed with the use of standard PET detectors. It can be also used as new research device for physics. However\, these both aspec ts are very challenging because many difficulties and artifacts that requi res explanation and overcoming. Therefore\, various chambers and targets n eed to be used at particular stages of testing and development. The overvi ew of chambers dedicated for J-PET will be presented with the emphasis of various problems encountered during the research\, as well as the solution of each one. The future plans for creating the chambers required for the further stages of research will be also discussed.\n\nhttps://indico.koza. if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/276/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/276/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Solid-liquid structure model for Ps-based oncological nanodiagnost ics DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T072000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T074000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-273@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bożena Zgardzińska (Institute of Physics\, Maria C urie-Sklodowska University)\nSolid-liquid structure model for Ps-based onc ological nanodiagnostics\n\nB. Zgardzińska*\nfor the J-PET collaboration\ n\n*email: bozena.zgardzinska@mail.umcs.pl\n\nInstitute of Physics\, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University\, Pl. Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 1\, 20-031 Lu blin\, Poland\n\n\nFor an aging society\, the socio-economic consequences of neoplastic diseases justify research towards developing effective oncol ogical diagnostics. An opportunity for the development of highly sensitive nanodiagnostics is the combination of two technique based on the same ann ihilation process\, the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and the Positro n Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS). While the first imaging techn ique uses annihilation quanta\, the second has been used for decades to de termine the structure of materials at nanometer level and based on the hyd rogen-like unstable positronium atom (Ps=e^-+e^+).\n The biological materi al still belongs to the group of complex systems that have been poorly inv estigated using the PALS technique. Due to large morphological and physiol ogical diversity of tissue\, different origin of cells\, metabolism and fu nctionality\, there are a number of factors that affect and disrupt the pr ocess of Ps creation and annihilation. On the other hand\, the neoplastic processes lead to tissue dysfunction and are associated with changes in bo th the structure and metabolism of the tissues building the organ. \n As a simplification of complex biological system we proposed to adopt a solid- liquid structure model. As a consequence of such approach we could disting uish two types of volumes in which Ps annihilates: the nano-bubbles in the liquid phase of the sample (body fluid\, mainly water)\, and the nano-vol umes in rigid structure\, similar to the solid phase of the sample.\n The samples taken from healthy and neoplastic tissues of the human uterus and liver were investigated using PALS technique. The analysis was performed u sing the solid-liquid structure model. The INTI plot mapping was used to d etermine the type and degree of neoplastic lesions. The total water conten t (free and physiosorbed) of healthy and altered tissue was estimated. The possible influence of chemical composition (radicals and O2 concentration ) as well as the chemotherapy treatment was discussed. \n The observations and the above listed results may be used to develop additional functional ity of new generation PET scanners in the field of non-invasive diagnostic s accompanying imaging.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contri butions/273/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/273/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:X-ray detectors for exotic atoms and other types of applications DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T074000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211010T080000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-268@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Catalina Curceanu (lnf-infn)\nI shall discuss variou s X ray detector systems used in exotic atoms experiments\, starting with the Silicon Drift Detectors used in kaonic atoms measurements at Frascati within the SIDDHARTA-2 experiment. I shall then present the VOXES system\, based on HAPG crystals\, able to perform extreme precision X ray measurem ents. The VOXES system can be used both for fundamental science and for so cietal applications\; in this context I shall present some of this ongoing applications at LNF-INFN.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/con tributions/268/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/268/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Unparalleled and Revolutionary Impact of PET Imaging on Research a nd Day to Day Practice of Medicine DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T150000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T160000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-275@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Abass Alavi (University of Pennsylvania)\nThe lectur e will concern unparalleled and revolutionary impact of PET imaging on res earch and day to day practice of medicine.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.ed u.pl/event/4/contributions/275/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/275/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Theranostics in particle therapy DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T134000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T140000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-286@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Antoni Rucinski (Instytut Fizyki Jądrowej PAN)\nPar ticle therapies with protons\, helium or carbon ions are emerging treatmen ts enabling precise targeting of pathological cancer tissues due to invert ed depth-dose distribution (Bragg peak) offering improved dose conformity with respect to conventional radiotherapy by X-rays. In addition to their dosimetric advantages\, protons and heavier ions penetrating patient tissu e undergo scattering and nuclear interactions and produce secondary radiat ion of different type\, i.e.\, radioactive isotopes\, ions\, photons\, and neutrons at varying energies. The secondary radiation induced by primary ions\, which is not present in conventional X-ray therapy\, can be detecte d and used to image therapeutic dose in the patient and gain information a bout patient anatomy simultaneously with the radiation therapy. I will rev iew the ongoing research and development of imaging methods based on secon dary radiation induced by particle beams\, focusing on the underlying pote ntial of particle therapy to be considered as theranostic approach to radi ation therapy.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/2 86/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/286/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Cyclotron production of theranostic pair 43/44Sc - 47Sc on calcium targets DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T130000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T132000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-243@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Rafał Walczak (Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and T echnology)\nThe 43Sc (T1/2 = 3.89 h) and 44Sc (T1/2 = 3.92 h) are an idea l β+ emitter in PET diagnosis. Both radionuclides can be used as an alter native to 68Ga\, because 43/44Sc has a longer half-life and forms theranos tic pair with β- emitter 47Sc\, which is important in planning radionucli de therapy. However in comparison with 44Sc\, 43Sc has half-life and beta plus radiation similar to 44Sc\, moreover\, gamma-ray energy emission and intensity is much lower (372 keV\, 23%) than in the case of 44Sc (1157 ke V\, 99%) what is not negligible for the patient and medical personnel. On the other hand 47Sc as low energy β- emitter is an attractive candidate f or radioimmunotherapy. In our work\, we propose a new way for cyclotron pr oduction of 43Sc in 42Ca(d\,n)43Sc nuclear reaction and 47Sc by proton irr adiation of 48Ca target in 48Ca(p\,2n)47Sc and 48Ca(p\,d)47Ca→47Sc rea ction. \n\nIn the present work\, we used enriched 42CaCO3\, 44CaCO3 and 48 CaCO3 targets (Isoflex\, Russia). To manufacture the targets enriched 42Ca CO3\, 44CaCO3 and 48CaCO3 powder was pressed with graphite powder ( 10-25% )\, mounted to a water-cooled target holder and irradiated with a beam of proton or deuteron at different energies. The activity of the samples was measured with high-resolution γ-ray spectrometry. CaCO3 targets were diss olved in 1 M HCl and a microfiltration process after alkalization of targe t material solution was used to separate 43/44Sc from calcium target mater ials and for production of 47Sc generator. The obtained by deuteron irradi ation of 42Ca radionuclide of 43Sc and 44Ca radionuclide of 44Sc were radi onuclidaly pure. In the case of proton irradiation of 48Ca obtained produc t contained a mixture of radionuclides 47Sc\, 48Sc\, and 47Ca which is a 4 7Sc mother radionuclide. After irradiation with 60 MeV proton beam followe d by chemical separation of the Ca isotopes and waiting for the maximum gr owth of 47Sc by 5\,6 days\, 44 MBq/µAh of 47Sc can be eluted from the gen erator with no other contaminating scandium activity. After separation sol ution of 43/44/47Sc was loaded on cation exchange Dowex 50 resin for purif ication and change of environment. \n\nThe proposed methods allow obtainin g high activity of 43Sc\, 44Sc and 47Sc. Scandium isotopes were separated from the targets with the efficiency of more than 90% and eluted in the vo lume of 0.5 ml. The level of Ca2+ in 43/44Sc and 47Sc fractions is less th an 3 µg/ml. The recovery of the calcium target is nearly quantitative mak ing the proposed production process economically feasible.\n\nScandium rad ionuclides\, separated by our method\, have sufficient quality for labelin g of the biologically active molecules\, which has been confirmed by label ing bioconjugates of Trastuzumab\, anti-HER2 nanobody and DOTA-TATE. For D TPA-Trastuzumab\, DTPA-nanobody and DOTA-TATE efficiency of labeling was 9 9% and for DOTA-nanobody 60% (t=50ºC).\n\n \n\nThis work was carried out as a part of the projects nr. IAEA-RC-23299-RO\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if. uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/243/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/243/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Characterization and research on a large axial field of view PET i n Bern DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T140000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T142000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-237@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kuangyu Shi (Dept. Nuclear Medicine\, University of Bern)\nRecent advances in the large axial field of view (LAFOV) PET revolu tionize PET imaging to meet several clinical demands. This talk will chara cterize the performance of a LAFOV PET (Siemens Biograph Vision Quadra) in stalled in Bern. On the other side\, the increased complexity makes the e xploration of the potential of the new instrument more challenging. This t alk will share some developments of artificial intelligence (AI) in LAFOV PET in Bern from the perspectives of imaging optimization. It will also di scuss the potentials and challenges during the development of AI technolog y.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/237/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/237/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:In vitro and in vivo studies of iron oxide nanoparticles toxicity with theranostic potential DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T132000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T134000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-234@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Joanna Chwiej (AGH University of Science and Technol ogy)\nAmong the new materials exhibiting theranostic potential are undoubt edly magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) [1]. Due to their size\, th ey can interact at the cellular and molecular level of biological systems. In turn\, their unique magnetic properties mean that they can be used as contrast agents in MRI and as carriers for targeted drug transport\, allow ing for simultaneous monitoring of pharmaceutical distribution. IONPs can also induce local hyperthermia in response to an external magnetic field a nd thus selectively destroy cancer cells [2-5].\nExtensive efforts are now underway to design IONPs with the desired physicochemical properties. How ever\, in order to translate these theranostic nanomaterials (NMs) into cl inical practice\, the research aiming at determination of the biocompatibi lity of IONPs and the safety of their use in humans are necessary. The tox icity studies of NMs are mainly carried out *in vitro* on cell lines and c ultures. *In vitro* experiments provide mechanistic information on the tox icity of NMs and\, in particular\, on their genotoxicity\, cytotoxicity\, the possibility of causing oxidative stress or the development of inflamma tory processes in cells. They are\, therefore\, a very important step in t he complex process of enhancing NMs biocompatibility and their biomedical potential [6]. However\, their results cannot be directly translated into *in vivo* models\, which are still crucial and mandatory before the first human studies [7-8].\nThe talk will present the results of own research de monstrating how the use of instrumental techniques\, including the methods of atomic and molecular spectroscopy\, can support the characterization o f the properties of IONPs and the assessment of their toxicity and therape utic potential *in vitro* and *in vivo* [9-12].\nReferences:\n[1] Zhu L\, Zhou Z\, Mao H\, Yang L (2017) Nanomedicine (Lond) 12:73-87. [2] Corot C\, Robert P\, Idée JM\, Port M (2006) Adv Drug Deliv Rev 58:1471-1504. [3] Pankhurst QA\, Connolly J\, Jones SK\, Dobson J (2003) J Phys D Appl Phys 36:167-181. [4] Dobson J (2006) Drug Dev Res 67:55-60. [5] Sun C\, Lee JS\ , Zhang M (2008) Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60:1252-1265. [6] Dhawan A and Sharma V (2010) Anal Bioanal Chem 398:589-605. [7] Steger-Hartmann T and Raschke M (2020) Curr Opin Toxicol 23-24: 6-10. [8] Nayak R\, Meerovich I\, Dash A K (2019) AAPS PharmSciTech 20:160. [9] Matusiak K\, Skoczen A\, Setkowicz Z\, Kubala-Kukus A\, Stabrawa I\, Ciarach M\, Janeczko K\, Jung A\, Chwiej J (2017) Nanotoxicology 11:1225-1236. [10] Skoczen A\, Matusiak K\, Setko wicz Z\, Kubala-Kukus A\, Stabrawa I\, Ciarach M\, Janeczko K\, Chwiej J ( 2018) Chem Res Toxicol 31:876-884. [11] Janik-Olchawa N\, Drozdz A\, Rysza wy D\, Pudełek M\, Planeta K\, Setkowicz Z\, Sniegocki M\, Zadło A\, Ost achowicz B\, Chwiej J (2020) Sci Rep 10:15447. [12] Drozdz A\, Matusiak K\ , Setkowicz Z\, Ciarach M\, Janeczko K\, Sandt C\, Borondics F\, Horak D\, Babic M\, Chwiej J (2020) Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 236:118 355.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/234/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/234/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:First three-photon positronium image obtained with the J-PET scann er: towards multi-photon imaging DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T105000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T111000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-267@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Aleksander Gajos (Jagellonian University\, Kraków\, Poland)\n**First three-photon positronium image obtained with the J-PET s canner: towards multi-photon imaging**\n---------------------------------- --------------------------------------\n\nAleksander Gajos\non behalf of t he J-PET Collaboration\nFaculty of Physics\, Astronomy and Applied Compute r Science\, Jagiellonian University\,\nS. Łojasiewicza 11\, 30-348\, Krak ów\, Poland\ne-mail: aleksander.gajos@uj.edu.pl\n\nPositronium atoms\, i. e. bound states of electron and positron\, produced by up to 40% of positr ons in conventional Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans\, are present ly not utilized for imaging. However\, their annihilations may carry essen tial information complementary to the functional imaging of PET [1]. \n \n The recently proposed technique of multi-photon imaging with the Jagiellon ian Positron Emission Tomography (J-PET) scanner [2] aims at spatially-res olved determination of positronum properties in the examined volume. To da te\, use of two-photon positronium annihilations to obtain a positronium l ifetime image was demonstrated [2]. Another conceivable modality comprises obtaining an image as a map of the ratio of two-photon to three-photon an nihilations of positronium\, for which spatial reconstruction of three-ph oton annihilations of the positronium trilet state is required.\n\nThe tal k will discuss the capability of the J-PET scanner to record\, identify an d reconstruct three-photon positronium annihilations. Methodolgy and resul ts of the first test of three-photon imaging with J-PET [3] will be presen ted\, including the first image of an object of extensive dimensions obtai ned solely using ortho-positronium annihilations into three photons. Perfo rmance of this imaging method will be discussed and compared to that of co nventional two-photon imaging with the same setup.\n \n**References:**\n\n [1] P. Moskal\, B. Jasińska\, E. Ł. Stępień and S. D. Bass\, „Positr onium in medicine and biology”\, Nat. Rev. Phys.\, vol. 1\, pp. 527-529\ , 2019\, doi: 10.1038/s42254-019-0078-7.\n\n[2] P. Moskal\, et al.\, „Po sitronium imaging with the novel multi-photon PET scanner”\, Science Adv ances\, to be published.\n\n[3] Moskal et al.\, „Testing CPT symmetry in ortho-positronium decays with positronium annihilation tomography”\, Na t. Commun.\, vol. 12\, pp. 5658\, 2021\, doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25905-9.\n \nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/267/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/267/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Whole gamma imaging: PET combined with Compton imaging DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T093000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T095000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-239@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Taiga Yamaya (National Institutes for Quantum and Ra diological Science and Technology (QST))\nWhole gamma imaging (WGI) is a novel concept of combined PET with Compton imaging. An additional detector ring\, which is used as the scatterer\, is inserted in a conventional PET ring so that single gamma rays can be detected by the Compton imaging met hod. In addition to a conventional PET mode\, Compton imaging (single-gamm a mode) is possible. Further large impact can be expected for triple gamma emitters such as 44Sc (about 4 h half-life)\, that emits a positron and a 1157 keV gamma ray almost at the same time (triple-gamma mode). In princi ple\, only a few decays would be enough to localize the source position by calculating intersection points of a 511 keV line-of-response with a 1157 keV Compton cone. We developed a prototype of the WGI system [1][2]. All interaction events were recorded as list-mode data\, and event selection s uch as coincidence detection was done in software. We measured a 137Cs poi nt source in the single-gamma mode and a 22Na point source with convention -al coincidence detection. The 22Na point source was also used to demonstr ate the triple gamma mode as it emits a 1275 keV gamma ray after a positro n decay. In the single-gamma mode\, spatial resolution for the 137Cs point source obtained by 3D list-mode OSEM was 4.4 mm FWHM (8 cm off-center) - 13.1 mm FWHM (center). Spatial resolution values for the 22Na point source \, obtained by the absorber-absorber coincidence and the scatterer-scatter er coincidence\, were almost the same (below 2 mm). In the triple gamma mo de\, where only simple backprojection was applied and no image reconstruct ion algorithm was applied\, spatial resolution for the 22Na point source w as 4.8 mm FWHM (8 cm off-center) - 5.7 mm FWHM (center). WGI with 44Sc can be also used to measure positronium lifetime [3]\, which may enable a new field of “quantum PET (Q-PET)”. One possible application of Q-PET is hypoxia imaging of tumor patients [4].\n\nReferences\n[1] E. Yoshida\, H. Tashima\, K. Nagatsu\, et al.\, "Whole gamma imaging: a new concept of PET combined with Compton imaging\," Phys. Med. Biol.\, 65\, 125013\, 2020.\n [2] H. Tashima\, E. Yoshida\, H. Wakizaka\, et al.\, "3D Compton image rec onstruction method for whole gamma imaging\," Phys. Med. Biol.\, 65\, 2250 38\, 2020.\n[3] P. Moskal\, B. Jasińska\, E.Ł. Stępień\, et al.\, “P ositronium in medicine and biology\,” Nat. Rev. Phys. 1\, 527-529\, 2019 .\n[4] K. Shibuya\, H. Saito\, F. Nishikido\, et al.\, "Oxygen sensing abi lity of positronium atom for tumor hypoxia imaging\," Commun. Phys. 3\, 17 3\, 2020.\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/239/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/239/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:How quantum entanglement can help in theranostics? DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T103000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T105000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-240@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Beatrix Hiesmayr (University of Vienna)\nQuantum ent anglement is a phenomenon that shows the every working at small scales whi ch differs strongly from the laws governing our daily world. Reading out t his quantum information has the potential to reveal unknown processes and connections and on the long term to provide doctors with quantum indicator s. This contribution focuses on the entanglement of two and three gammas e mitted from positronium atoms\, which is a frequent process in human being s undergoing e.g. a PET-scan (PET=Positron Emission Tomography). Theory pr edicts these two or three photon events to be entangled\, more precisely i n very special types of entanglement [1\,2]. With the cutting-edge technol ogy developed by the J-PET collaboration at the Jagiellonian University th e detection of entanglement at this high energy scales is -for the first t ime- in reach [3]. This talk will give an overview over the progress made. Particularly\, novel software developments [4] are needed to tackle this involved problem. \n\n[1] B.C. Hiesmayr and P. Moskal\, Sci Rep 9\, 8166 ( 2019).\n[2] B.C. Hiesmayr and P. Moskal\, Sci Rep 7\, 15349 (2017).\n[3] P . Moskal\, N. Krawczyk\, B. C. Hiesmayr\, M. Bała\, C. Curceanu\, E. Czer winski\, K. Dulski\, A. Gajos\, M. Gorgol\, R. Del Grande\, B. Jasinska\, K. Kacprzak\, L. Kapłon\, D. Kisielewska\, K. Klimaszewski\, G. Korcyl\, P. Kowalski\, T. Kozik\, W. Krzemien\, E. Kubicz\, M. Mohammed\, Sz. Nied źwiecki\, M. Pałka\, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka\, L. Raczynski\, J. Raj\, Z. Rudy\, S. Sharma\, M. Silarski\, Shivani\, R. Y. Shopa\, M. Skurzok\, W. Wislicki\, B. Zgardzinska\, Eur. Phys. J. C 78\, 970 (2018).\n[4] W. Krze mień\, A. Gajos\, K. Kacprzak\, K. Rakoczy and G. Korcyl\, SoftwareX 11\, 100487 (2020).\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions /240/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/240/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Oxygen sensing ability of positronium DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T101000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T103000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-238@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kengo Shibuya (University of Tokyo\, Japan)\nPositro nium (Ps) is an exotic atom consisting of a positron and an electron\, and around 1011 Ps atoms form in the human body during a PET scan. We have di scussed little Ps in PET because its formation does not change the spatial information obtained by PET\; Most Ps annihilates into back-to-back gamma -ray photons. However\, Ps can provide other unique information due to the delay of the gamma-ray emission as long as its lifetime. The lifetime var ies according to the chemical and physical environment for Ps. For example \, the lower dissolved oxygen concentration (pO2)\, the longer a Ps atom s urvives in solutions. This is because of the unpaired electrons in the O2 molecule that enhance Ps annihilation via the electron exchange interactio n. Knowing pO2 distribution is important for cancer patients because hypox ic cells are often resistant to radiotherapy as well as chemotherapy.\n\nM oskal *et al.* named the new concept of PET as “Ps imaging [1]\,” and they also found that the Ps lifetime differs between healthy and cancer ce lls [2]. The difference may come from a combination of several chemical an d physical conditions\, but how each factor changes the Ps lifetime is a c hallenging matter to be understood. Some efforts have revealed how O2 mole cules reduce Ps lifetime. Stepanov [3] found a positive correlation betwee n the pO2 and Ps annihilation rate (the inverse of the lifetime) in water. Furthermore\, we found good linearity between them by accumulating 50 tim es larger number of counts\, as shown in Fig. 1 [4]. This line is namely c alibration line for Ps as an oxygen sensor\, and this result indicates a p ossibility of Ps as a hypoxia biomarker candidate. In other words\, during a PET scan\, 1011 nanosized sensors for O2 are spontaneously created in v ivo\, and it is worth trying to read the indicator for improving cancer tr eatments.\n\n**Fig. 1** pO2 vs Ps decay rate: squares (Lee [5])\, triangle s (Stepanov [3])\, and circles (Shibuya [4]). (see at *https://www.nature. com/articles/s42005-020-00440-z/figures/3*)\n\n**References**\n[1] P. Mosk al\, *et al*.\, *Nature Rev. Phys*.\, **1**\, 527‒9 (2019).\n[2] P. Mosk al\, *et al*.\, *bioRxiv* (2021). (doi: 10.1101/2021.08.05.455285)\n[3] P. S. Stepanov\, *et al*.\, *Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys*. **22**\, 5123 (2020).\ n[4] K. Shibuya\, *et al*.\, *Commun. Phys*.\, **3**\, 173 (2020).\n[5] J. Lee\, *et al*.\, *J. Chem. Phys*. **44**. 2506 (1966).\n\nhttps://indico. koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/238/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/238/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Nano-theranostics: harnessing nanoscale functionality for next-gen eration theranostic technologies DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T091000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T093000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-236@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Zdenka Kuncic (University of Sydney\, Australia)\n** Abstract**\nNanoscale geometric confinement changes the properties of mate rials. The most immediate effect is an enhancement in the surface area to volume ratio\, which results in faster surface chemistry reaction rates\, a property exploited in various nanomedicine approaches. Arguably more int eresting\, however\, are changes in physical properties\, including optica l\, electrical and magnetic properties. In this talk\, I will focus on how the superparamagnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles can be harne ssed to enhance imaging with PET-MRI and to enable novel image-guided\, tu mour-targeting nano-theranostic strategies. Super-Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs)\, which enhance MRI image contrast\, were labelled with a PET isotope (Zr-89) to demonstrate their use in PET-MRI [1]. Moreov er\, it was found that the SPIONs localise the emitted positrons sufficien tly to improve PET image resolution in PET-MRI [2]. Such SPIONs were also labelled with a range of clinical therapeutic (Y-90) and theranostic (Lu-1 77\, Cu-64/67) radioisotopes\, thus demonstrating their potential for can cer nano-theranostics leveraging clinical imaging technologies.\n\n**Refer ences**\n[1] Y. Gholami et al. A radio-nano-platform for T1/T2 dual-mode P ET-MR imaging. Int. J. Nanomed. 15\, 1253 (2020) doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S2419 71 \n[2] Y. Gholami et al. Positron annihilation localization by nanoscale magnetization. Sci. Rep. 10\, 20262 (2020) doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-769 80-9\n[3] Y. Gholami et al. A chelate-free nano-platform for incorporation of diagnostic and therapeutic isotopes. Int. J. Nanomed. 15\, 31 (2020) d oi.org/10.2147/IJN.S227931\n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/con tributions/236/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/236/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:History of radiotherapy in Poland. A brief outline of the problem DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T082000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T084000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-235@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ryszard Witold Gryglewski (Jagiellonian University C ollegium Medicum)\nThe radiotherapy in Poland has its long and rich histor y and following lecture is focused on\nexploring its rudiments from late 1 890s until first decades after Second World War. Main centres of radiology and radiotherapy with names of physicians pioneering in that field are sh ortly described. How the possibilities and needs of the emerging radiother apy were perceived in the medical community? How plans and goals for the f uture were articulated? And how has the prospect of research and therapeut ic opportunities changed over the years? These questions are only an invit ation to a wider discussion. It should be remembered\, that past and tradi tion of radiotherapy in Poland are far more extended and that is why this presentation should be seen only as a general introduction to its history. \n\nhttps://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/235/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/235/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Presentations of Zbigniew Rudy J-PET prize DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T073000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T074000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-293@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Beatrix Hiesmayr (University of Vienna)\nhttps://ind ico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/293/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/293/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT SUMMARY:Zbyszek DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T072000Z DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20211009T073000Z DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20260609T214711Z UID:indico-contribution-4-292@indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Bogusław Kamys (Uniwersytet Jagielloński)\nhttps:/ /indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/292/ LOCATION:Theranostics Center / on-line URL:https://indico.koza.if.uj.edu.pl/event/4/contributions/292/ END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR